A value document with a carrier element and a foil element arranged in a partial region of the carrier element. The carrier element has, at least in the partial region, a luminescence marker which is adapted to give off luminescence radiation which has at least a first wavelength and a second wavelength in each case in the infrared spectral region. The foil element has a reflection layer and a spectral selection layer. The selection layer is arranged between the carrier element and the reflection layer. The reflection layer is configured to reflect infrared radiation and the selection layer is configured to spectrally selectively inhibit transmission of infrared radiation. The inhibition of the transmission of the first wavelength and the inhibition of the transmission of the second wavelength differ by at least 10%.

A subwavelength grating displaying a colored image exhibiting a color corresponding to a grating period of a subwavelength grating in reflection directions including a specular reflection direction. A relief surface displaying a reflection image in monochromatic reflected light in reflection directions including a direction different from the specular reflection direction. An optical element has a first state in which neither a colored image nor a reflection image is displayed, a second state in which the colored image is mainly displayed, and a third state in which the reflection image is mainly displayed. A plane in which the optical element is disposed and a plane including a line of sight of an observer form an observation angle therebetween. The optical element is observed in any of the first, second and third states according to the observation angle.

Provided is an information display medium that can enhance a forgery prevention effect. An information display medium (100) includes a light reflection layer (20) made of a metal or a metallic oxide and partially or fully placed on one surface of a substrate, and the light reflection layer (20) includes a first region (30) where first information is displayed by either of or a combination of an outline shape and a shape of an uneven region, and a second information display region (21a) where identification information formed by partial material removal of the light reflection layer (20), the second information display region being set to partially or fully overlap with the light reflection layer (20) where the first information is displayed in the first region (30).

Provided is an information display medium that can enhance a forgery prevention effect. An information display medium (100) includes a light reflection layer (20) made of a metal or a metallic oxide and partially or fully placed on one surface of a substrate, and the light reflection layer (20) includes a first region (30) where first information is displayed by either of or a combination of an outline shape and a shape of an uneven region, and a second information display region (21a) where identification information formed by partial material removal of the light reflection layer (20), the second information display region being set to partially or fully overlap with the light reflection layer (20) where the first information is displayed in the first region (30).

A method for producing security elements, security elements, a security document with at least one security element as well as a transfer film with at least one security element, wherein a three-dimensional object is recorded and a surface profile of the three-dimensional object, described by a function F(x,y), is determined, wherein the function F(x,y) describes the distance between the surface profile and a two-dimensional reference surface spanned by co-ordinate axes x and y at the co-ordinate points x and y. A first microstructure is determined in such a way that the structure height of the first microstructure is limited to a predetermined value smaller than the maximum distance between the surface profile and the two-dimensional reference surface, and the first microstructure provides an observer with a first optical perception which corresponds to the surface profile of the three-dimensional object described by the function F(x,y).

A method for producing security elements, security elements, a security document with at least one security element as well as a transfer film with at least one security element, wherein a three-dimensional object is recorded and a surface profile of the three-dimensional object, described by a function F(x,y), is determined, wherein the function F(x,y) describes the distance between the surface profile and a two-dimensional reference surface spanned by co-ordinate axes x and y at the co-ordinate points x and y. A first microstructure is determined in such a way that the structure height of the first microstructure is limited to a predetermined value smaller than the maximum distance between the surface profile and the two-dimensional reference surface, and the first microstructure provides an observer with a first optical perception which corresponds to the surface profile of the three-dimensional object described by the function F(x,y).

Provided is an information display medium that can enhance a forgery prevention effect. An information display medium (100) includes a light reflection layer (20) made of a metal or a metallic oxide and partially or fully placed on one surface of a substrate, and the light reflection layer (20) includes a first region (30) where first information is displayed by either of or a combination of an outline shape and a shape of an uneven region, and a second information display region (21a) where identification information formed by partial material removal of the light reflection layer (20), the second information display region being set to partially or fully overlap with the light reflection layer (20) where the first information is displayed in the first region (30).

An identification device includes: an observation object shape frame display configured to display, on a display screen, an observation object shape image indicating a shape of an anti-counterfeit medium observed at an observation angle, and display image data that is an image of an imaging object of an image-capturing device, the anti-counterfeit medium being designed such that an observed pattern of light varies as the observation angle varies; a shape similarity calculator configured to calculate a shape similarity between the observation object shape image and an outer shape of the anti-counterfeit medium; and an imaging determinator configured to perform imaging determination as to whether the observation angle and an observation position of the image-capturing device are correct based on whether the shape similarity is equal to or greater than a shape similarity threshold.

There is provided a versatile optical element applicable both to an electrode layer required in a bank bill field and to an optical element required in an ID field. In an optical element (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention, a first layer (2) is arranged on a second layer (3) having a relief structure on a surface thereof, and a first region (4) and a second region (5) are provided. Electromagnetic waves incident at a preset specific angle from a side of the first layer (2) are totally reflected due to at least one of the relief structure in the first region (4) and a ratio of a refractive index of the second layer (3) with respect to a refractive index of the first layer (2), the electromagnetic waves incident at the specific angle from the side of the first layer (2) are not totally reflected but transmitted or refracted due to at least one of the relief structure in the second region (5) and the ratio of the refractive index of the second layer (3) with respect to the refractive index of the first layer (2), and only in case of observation performed from the specific angle on the first layer (2) side, the second region (5) has higher transparency than the first region (4), and a preset image is expressed by a transparency contrast therebetween.

There is provided systems and methods for generating a multi-layered watermark. The watermark incorporating one or more symbols for placement on a document. The method including: positioning a base layer of the watermark at one or more locations on the document; positioning the one or more symbols overtop of at least a portion of the base layer; and positioning a braid layer of the watermark overtop of the ID, the braid layer and the base layer are substantially aligned, the braid layer including a copy of the base layer incorporating a pattern. The pattern can include one or more of discolorations, holes, and sections of increased opacity.