A data output apparatus (10) includes a sensor (100), a relay apparatus (200), and a wireless communication apparatus (300). The sensor (100) generates data. The wireless communication apparatus (300) transmits the data. The relay apparatus (200) is located between the sensor (100) and the wireless communication apparatus (300). The sensor (100) and the relay apparatus (200) are connected by using a first cable (410), and the relay apparatus (200) and the wireless communication apparatus (300) are connected by using a second cable (420). Then, the relay apparatus (200) processes the data output from the sensor (100), and then outputs the processed data to the wireless communication apparatus (300).

A data output apparatus (10) includes a sensor (100), a relay apparatus (200), and a wireless communication apparatus (300). The sensor (100) generates data. The wireless communication apparatus (300) transmits the data. The relay apparatus (200) is located between the sensor (100) and the wireless communication apparatus (300). The sensor (100) and the relay apparatus (200) are connected by using a first cable (410), and the relay apparatus (200) and the wireless communication apparatus (300) are connected by using a second cable (420). Then, the relay apparatus (200) processes the data output from the sensor (100), and then outputs the processed data to the wireless communication apparatus (300).

A system for monitoring a state, for example a filling state of a container, with a first sensor which in operation produces a measured value, and a second sensor which in operation produces a second, discrete measured value. The first measured value and the second measured value are forwarded to an evaluation unit via a common line.

A value representative of a dispersion of a propagation delay of assemblies of electronic components is determined. A component test structure includes stages of components and a logic circuit connected in a ring. Each stage includes two assemblies of similar components configured to conduct a signal. A test device is configured to obtain values of the component test structure and to perform operations on these values.

A value representative of a dispersion of a propagation delay of assemblies of electronic components is determined. A component test structure includes stages of components and a logic circuit connected in a ring. Each stage includes two assemblies of similar components configured to conduct a signal. A test device is configured to obtain values of the component test structure and to perform operations on these values.

The invention relates to a device and a method for reducing the number of analog inputs at a control device (16). It is proposed that at least two physical signals, which are different from each other, are transmitted at an analog input of the control device (16).

A communication system includes a first device, second devices, and a communication line providing a serial connection from the first device to the second devices to establish a communication connection. An address setting device of the communication system is configured to set addresses of the second devices. The address setting device includes a communication controller. The communication controller is configured to transmit a transmission signal toward the second devices through the communication line and change at least one of an amplitude or a frequency of the transmission signal, and associate the addresses of the second devices with connection precedence of the second devices to the first device based on a reception signal received through the communication line.

A value representative of a dispersion of a propagation delay of assemblies of electronic components is determined. A component test structure includes stages of components and a logic circuit connected in a ring. Each stage includes two assemblies of similar components configured to conduct a signal. A test device is configured to obtain values of the component test structure and to perform operations on these values.

A system for monitoring a state, for example a filling state of a container, with a first sensor which in operation produces a measured value, and a second sensor which in operation produces a second, discrete measured value. The first measured value and the second measured value are forwarded to an evaluation unit via a common line.

A system for monitoring a state, for example a filling state of a container, with a first sensor which in operation produces a measured value, and a second sensor which in operation produces a second, discrete measured value. The first measured value and the second measured value are forwarded to an evaluation unit via a common line.