An apparatus for reading out information from an information carrier includes a reading unit for reading out user information and access information from the information carrier. The user information are stored in a first region of the information carrier and the access information are stored in a second region of the information carrier. The apparatus further includes an access controller for providing access to the user information in dependence on the access information. The access information are stored in a first portion of the second region, and the dummy information are stored in a second portion of the second region according to a similar format as used for storing the access information.

Disclosed herein is an apparatus and/or device to scrape a hard disk drive (HDD) to completely and permanently erase, remove, and/or destroy digital and/or electronic data and/or information stored on and/or written to the HDD without using and/or necessitating the use of external induction. The apparatus includes a first part of a HDD scrapper mounted on an arm of the HDD and a second part of the HDD scrapper mounted on a scrapper head. The apparatus also includes a turner that simultaneously permits a turning operation of magnetic platters of the HDD and the HDD scrapper. The first part, the second part, the arm, the scrapper head, the turner, and the magnetic platters are included in an enclosure of the HDD.

Disclosed herein is an apparatus and/or device to scrape a hard disk drive (HDD) to completely and permanently erase, remove, and/or destroy digital and/or electronic data and/or information stored on and/or written to the HDD without using and/or necessitating the use of external induction. The apparatus includes a first part of a HDD scrapper mounted on an arm of the HDD and a second part of the HDD scrapper mounted on a scrapper head. The apparatus also includes a turner that simultaneously permits a turning operation of magnetic platters of the HDD and the HDD scrapper. The first part, the second part, the arm, the scrapper head, the turner, and the magnetic platters are included in an enclosure of the HDD.

A data transferring device and a data transfer method. The data transferring device for transferring an audio-visual stream stored in a first medium to a second medium, includes: a reader comprising reading circuitry configured to read the audio-visual stream from the first medium; and a controller configured to: extract an audio packet and a video packet from the audio-visual stream; write the audio packet and video packet to the second medium; and store, in a memory, first location information indicating locations at which the audio packet and the video packet are written in the second medium, and second location information indicating locations at which the audio packet and the video packet are read from the first medium.

Subject-matter is that between an inner edge and an outer edge of a lead-in area, are created by mechanical means grooves in the form of concentric circles around the central axis with the profile of the letter V in the protective layer, wherein these grooves have peaks and edges are created in such a way that the groove with the largest possible diameter of the circle does not exceed the inner part of the outer edge and the groove with the smallest possible diameter of the circle does not exceed the inner edge of the lead-in area, wherein the density of the grooves is such that edges of the grooves are touching each other on the surface of the protective layer and between the individual edges of the grooves there is no area undamaged by the grooves. Non-standard audio discs and video discs are manufactured by pressing from the matrix, they contain lead-in area data area and lead-out area and in the area with the radius from 18.00+1 mm to 23.50+1 mm are provided with the zone of the mechanical protection, which contains a set of grooves in the form of concentric circles, with the profile of the letter V, which are arranged closely to each other in such a way, that their upper edges are touching.

Subject-matter is that between an inner edge and an outer edge of a lead-in area, are created by mechanical means grooves in the form of concentric circles around the central axis with the profile of the letter V in the protective layer, wherein these grooves have peaks and edges are created in such a way that the groove with the largest possible diameter of the circle does not exceed the inner part of the outer edge and the groove with the smallest possible diameter of the circle does not exceed the inner edge of the lead-in area, wherein the density of the grooves is such that edges of the grooves are touching each other on the surface of the protective layer and between the individual edges of the grooves there is no area undamaged by the grooves. Non-standard audio discs and video discs are manufactured by pressing from the matrix, they contain lead-in area data area and lead-out area and in the area with the radius from 18.00+1 mm to 23.50+1 mm are provided with the zone of the mechanical protection, which contains a set of grooves in the form of concentric circles, with the profile of the letter V, which are arranged closely to each other in such a way, that their upper edges are touching.

The optical disk device performs recording/reproducing of data by a predetermined recording block on the track of an optical disk. The device has a recording unit, an optical-head, and a failure detection unit. The recording unit generates a recording signal by modulating the data. The optical-head records data on the track by optical beam emission to the track according to the recording signal, and detects light reflected off the track and then generates a detection signal based on the reflected light. The failure detection unit detects an abnormal condition based on the detection signal changed from a normal condition. If the sum of duration of an abnormal condition in the recording block is equal to or greater than a first time-length, the failure detection unit determines that the recording block has a flaw.

The optical disk device performs recording/reproducing of data by a predetermined recording block on the track of an optical disk. The device has a recording unit, an optical-head, and a failure detection unit. The recording unit generates a recording signal by modulating the data. The optical-head records data on the track by optical beam emission to the track according to the recording signal, and detects light reflected off the track and then generates a detection signal based on the reflected light. The failure detection unit detects an abnormal condition based on the detection signal changed from a normal condition. If the sum of duration of an abnormal condition in the recording block is equal to or greater than a first time-length, the failure detection unit determines that the recording block has a flaw.

A data transferring device and a data transfer method. The data transferring device for transferring an audio-visual stream stored in a first medium to a second medium, includes: a reader comprising reading circuitry configured to read the audio-visual stream from the first medium; and a controller configured to: extract an audio packet and a video packet from the audio-visual stream; write the audio packet and video packet to the second medium; and store, in a memory, first location information indicating locations at which the audio packet and the video packet are written in the second medium, and second location information indicating locations at which the audio packet and the video packet are read from the first medium.