An optical system may include a target, a laser source, and an optical lens assembly. The optical lens assembly may include a mounting flange mounted adjacent the laser source, an objective lens aligned between the laser source and the target, and at least one adjustment stage coupled between the mounting flange and the objective lens. The adjustment stage may include a ball joint having a ball joint body, a ball receiver tube, and adjustable fasteners coupling the ball joint body to the ball receiver tube. The adjustment stage may include a translation tube having ramps thereon, and adjustable fasteners coupled between the mounting flange and the translation tube. In addition, the adjustment stage may include the mounting flange having a threaded surface thereon, and a focus ring rotatably coupled to the threaded surface of the mounting flange.

A process for optically sorting a plurality of particles includes: providing a particle receiver; producing particles; receiving the particles by the particle receiver; receiving a light by the particle receiver; producing a standing wave optical interference pattern in an optical interference site of the particle receiver from the light; subjecting the particles to an optical gradient force from the standing wave optical interference pattern; deflecting the particles into a plurality of deflected paths to form the sorted particles from the particles; and propagating the sorted particles from the optical interference site through the deflected paths to optically sort the particles

Systems and methods relate to arranging atoms into 1D and/or 2D arrays; exciting the atoms into Rydberg states and evolving the array of atoms, for example, using laser manipulation techniques and high-fidelity laser systems described herein; and observing the resulting final state. In addition, refinements can be made, such as providing high fidelity and coherent control of the assembled array of atoms. Exemplary problems can be solved using the systems and methods for arrangement and control of atoms.

A quantum simulator includes a pseudo speckle pattern generator, a main vacuum chamber, an atomic gas supply unit, a light beam generator, a photodetector, and an atom number detector. The pseudo speckle pattern generator generates a pseudo speckle pattern in the inside of the main vacuum chamber by light allowed to enter the inside of the main vacuum chamber through the second window. The pseudo speckle pattern generator includes a controller, a light source, a beam expander, a spatial light modulator, and a lens. The controller sets a modulation distribution of the spatial light modulator based on a two-dimensional pseudo random number pattern.

In some variations, an interferometric frequency-reference apparatus comprises: an atom source configured to supply neutral atoms; a collimator configured to form a collimated beam of the neutral atoms; one or more probe lasers; and a Doppler laser configured to determine a ground-state population of the neutral atoms. Other variations provide a method of creating a stable frequency reference, comprising: forming a collimated beam of neutral atoms; illuminating the neutral atoms with first and second probe lasers; adjusting the frequencies of the first probe laser and second probe laser using Ramsey spectroscopy to an S.fwdarw.D transition of the neutral atoms; and determining a ground-state population of the neutral atoms with another laser. The interferometric frequency-reference apparatus may provide an optical frequency reference or a microwave frequency reference.

A method for enhancing vacuum tolerance of optical levitation particles includes steps of: (1) turning on a trapping laser to form an optical trap, loading the particles to an effective capture region of the optical trap, and collecting scattered light signals; (2) turning on the preheating laser, and directing a preheating laser beam to the captured particles; (3) adjusting a power of the preheating laser until a particle heating rate is larger than a heat dissipation rate; (4) turning on the vacuum pump, and stopping evacuating when a vacuum degree is greater than a vacuum inflection point of a first reduction of the effective capture region of the optical trap; and (5) turning off the preheating laser when the scattered light signals collected by the photodetector no longer changes. The present invention improves a stable capture probability of the particles in high vacuum environment.

A method of designing at least one coil for producing a magnetic field is disclosed. The method comprises: i) setting a performance target comprising: a target magnetic field, and at least two of a target power, a target resistance, a target size and/or weight, a target supply voltage or current, and a target inductance; ii) determining initial design parameters for the at least one coil; iii) modelling performance with the current design parameters to determine a simulated performance against each of the performance targets; iv) calculating a penalty function based on the difference between the simulated performance and the performance targets; v) modifying the design parameters in order to reduce the penalty function; vi) iterating steps iii) to v) until the penalty function or simulated performance has met an acceptance condition.

A probe-based bidirectional electrophoretic force optical trap loading method includes steps of (1) detaching target particles from an upper electrode plate and capturing the target particles by a micro-scale probe based on a bidirectional electrophoretic force; (2) moving the probe with the target particles over an optical trap, applying a reverse electric field between the probe and the upper substrate electrode plate which is applied during a polar relaxation time of the target particles, and desorbing the target particles from the probe; and (3) turning on the optical trap, applying an electric field between the lower electrode plate and the upper electrode plate, adjusting the speed of the desorbed target particles through the electric field at which the optical trap is able to capture the desorbed target particles and the desorbed target particles moving to the effective capture range of the optical trap.

A method is presented for measuring motion of a moving body using an atom interferometer. The method includes: positioning at least one atom in a cavity of the atom interferometer, where the atom interferometer is attached to the moving body; splitting the at least one atom into a pair of wave-function components; guiding the pair of wave-function components along respective paths in the cavity such that the pair of wave-function components are confined spatially along the respective paths in all degrees of freedom and without interruption; coherently recombining the pair of wave-function components into the at least one atom; and measuring a property of the at least one atom after the pair of wave-function components have been recombined into the at least one atom, where the property of the at least one atom is indicative of motion of the moving body.

An atomic beam is irradiated with a first laser beam, a second laser beam, and a third laser beam. The first laser beam and the third laser beam each have a wavelength corresponding to a transition between a ground state and a first excited state. The second laser beam has a wavelength corresponding to a transition between the ground state and a second excited state. First, atoms each having a smaller velocity component than a predetermined velocity in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the atomic beam are changed from the ground state to the first excited state by the first laser beam. Subsequently, a momentum is provided for individual atoms in the ground state by the second laser beam, which removes the atoms from the atomic beam. Finally, atoms in the first excited state are returned from the first excited state to the ground state by the third laser beam.