Provided are enhanced MXene materials made from MAX-phase precursors that comprise an excess of metal A. The resultant enhanced MXenes exhibit improved stability over periods of days and months, particularly when stored in aqueous media.

Provided are enhanced MXene materials made from MAX-phase precursors that comprise an excess of metal A. The resultant enhanced MXenes exhibit improved stability over periods of days and months, particularly when stored in aqueous media.

A terminal includes a conductor connecting part, a terminal connecting part, and a graphene film. When a first metal material and a third metal material forming a conductor of an electric wire have different ionization tendencies, the graphene film is provided to be arranged between a first surface and the conductor of the electric wire when the conductor of the electric wire is electrically connected to the conductor connecting part. When a second metal material and a fourth metal material forming a surface of an opposite terminal have different ionization tendencies, the graphene film is provided to be arranged between a second surface and the surface of the opposite terminal when the opposite terminal is electrically connected to the terminal connecting part.

A terminal includes a conductor connecting part, a terminal connecting part, and a graphene film. When a first metal material and a third metal material forming a conductor of an electric wire have different ionization tendencies, the graphene film is provided to be arranged between a first surface and the conductor of the electric wire when the conductor of the electric wire is electrically connected to the conductor connecting part. When a second metal material and a fourth metal material forming a surface of an opposite terminal have different ionization tendencies, the graphene film is provided to be arranged between a second surface and the surface of the opposite terminal when the opposite terminal is electrically connected to the terminal connecting part.

A carbon nanotube dispersion liquid contains a carbon nanotube-containing composition, a dispersant with a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000 to 400,000, a volatile salt, and an aqueous solvent. The carbon nanotube dispersion liquid can maintain a high dispersion of carbon nanotubes even with a smaller amount of dispersant than conventionally used.

A carbon nanotube dispersion liquid contains a carbon nanotube-containing composition, a dispersant with a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000 to 400,000, a volatile salt, and an aqueous solvent. The carbon nanotube dispersion liquid can maintain a high dispersion of carbon nanotubes even with a smaller amount of dispersant than conventionally used.

A negative electrode active material includes a silicon-containing alloy having a composition represented by: Si.sub.xSn.sub.yM.sub.zA.sub.a (A is unavoidable impurities, M is one or more transition metal elements, x, y, z, and a represent values of percent by mass, and 0<x<100, 0<y<100, 0<z<100, and 0≦a <0.5 and x+y+z+a=100). The silicon-containing alloy has a lattice image subjected to Fourier transform processing to obtain a diffraction pattern and a size determined as an average value of maximum five major axis diameters of regions having a periodic array from a Fourier image obtained by subjecting a diffraction ring portion present in a width of from 0.7 to 1.0 when a distance between Si regular tetrahedrons is 1.0 in this diffraction pattern to inverse Fourier transform is 10 nm or less.

A process for producing a unitary graphene matrix composite, the process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene oxide gel having graphene oxide molecules dispersed in a fluid medium, wherein the graphene oxide gel is optically transparent or translucent; (b) mixing a carbon or graphite filler phase in said graphene oxide gel to form a slurry; (c) dispensing said slurry onto a surface of a supporting substrate or a cavity of a molding tool; (d) partially or completely removing the fluid medium from the slurry to form a composite precursor; and (e) heat-treating the composite precursor to form the unitary graphene composite at a temperature higher than 100° C. This composite exhibits a combination of exceptional thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, surface hardness, and scratch resistance.

A process for producing a unitary graphene matrix composite, the process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene oxide gel having graphene oxide molecules dispersed in a fluid medium, wherein the graphene oxide gel is optically transparent or translucent; (b) mixing a carbon or graphite filler phase in said graphene oxide gel to form a slurry; (c) dispensing said slurry onto a surface of a supporting substrate or a cavity of a molding tool; (d) partially or completely removing the fluid medium from the slurry to form a composite precursor; and (e) heat-treating the composite precursor to form the unitary graphene composite at a temperature higher than 100° C. This composite exhibits a combination of exceptional thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, surface hardness, and scratch resistance.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to large scale synthesis of thinned graphite and in particular, few layers of graphene sheets and graphene-graphite composites. In some embodiments, a method for producing thinned crystalline graphite from precursor crystalline graphite using wet ball milling processes is disclosed herein. The method includes transferring crystalline graphite into a ball milling vessel that includes a grinding media. A first and a second solvent are transferred into the ball milling vessel and the ball milling vessel is rotated to cause the shearing of layers of the crystalline graphite to produce thinned crystalline graphite.