Polymers comprising at least one unit of formula (1) and their use as semiconducting materials.

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A composite polymer electrolyte membrane including a polymer electrolyte and a porous substrate, and having a dry tensile modulus of 100 N/cm or more per width and a wet tensile modulus of 35 N/cm or more per width. Enhancing the mechanical characteristics of the electrolyte membrane results in providing an electrolyte membrane that achieves good dry-wet cycle durability.

A metallic nanowire: conductive polymer composite is fabricated. A metallic nanowire layer is formed by a process that leaves an organic ligand residue on the metallic nanowire layer. A conductive polymer film is formed on a supporting substrate. The metallic nanowire layer is integrated with the conductive polymer film to form a metallic nanowire: conductive polymer composite. The metallic nanowire: conductive polymer composite is wet by a reaction solution including a source of metal ions, at least one acid, and a solvent for a period of time sufficient to remove the organic ligand residues from the metallic nanowire layer and sufficient to grow metal nanoparticles from the source of metal ions to create metal interconnections at junctions where the two or more nanowires in the metallic nanowire layer touch each other. Following growth of the nanoparticles, the nanowire: conductive polymer composite is removed from the reaction solution and dried.

An insulation useful in the field of building materials, refrigeration, cryogenics, and shipping. The insulation has reduced radiative heat transfer by applying coating to the insulation material in order to alter the emissivity, including the infrared electromagnetic spectrum.

There is provided a conductive composite having excellent conductivity and able to form a conductive film with which film loss in a resist layer is low. The conductive composite of the present invention includes a conductive polymer and a surfactant. When a critical micelle concentration of the surfactant is less than 0.1% by mass, a content of the surfactant is 5 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive polymer. In addition, when the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant is 0.1% by mass or more, the content of the surfactant is more than 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive polymer.

A polyaniline composition including a polyaniline complex composed of a polyaniline doped with a dopant, and a liquid polymer.

An object of the present invention is to provide a solid electrolyte which exhibits good ionic conductivity in a room temperature state and is excellent in moldability, productivity, and quality stability, an electrode, a battery and a capacitor using the solid electrolyte, and a method of producing the solid electrolyte. The present invention is a solid electrolyte containing an alkali metal salt and a polymer, wherein the polymer has, for example, a monomer unit of a chemical formula (1).

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Provided is a conductive material that is capable of achieving a high-electric conductivity, long-term stability under an atmospheric environment, heat and high humidity stabilities, as well as a conductive film and a solar cell using the same. The conductive material includes a mixture of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS acid). The element ratio (S/C ratio) of sulfur (S) to carbon (C) in the mixture may be from 0.001 to 0.1 in terms of the number of atoms. CNTs and PSS acid may make up a content percentage of 10 wt % or more in the mixture. These conductive films comprised of the conductive material 6 may have a weight per unit area of the CNTs in the range from 1 mg/m.sup.2 to 10000 mg/m.sup.2. The solar cell may include the conductive film 7, wherein the film is on the surface of a semiconductor.

Touch sensor technologies are provided. In some embodiments, a touch sensor device includes an array of conductive members. The touch sensor device also includes a first routing trace electrically coupled to a first conductive member of the array of conductive members. The touch sensor device also includes a second routing trace electrically coupled to a second conductive member of the array of conductive member. The first and second routing traces extend to a connector integrated into the touch sensor device. The touch sensor device further includes a resistor that electrically couples the first routing trace and the second routing trace. A third conductive member of the array of conductive members is placed between the first and second conductive members. By incorporating a resistor, density of conductive members (sense lines and/or drive lines) can be increased without increasing density of routing traces to the connector.

A composition for forming an electroactive coating includes an acid as a polymerization catalyst, at least one functional component, and at least one compound of formula (1) as a monomer: ##STR00001##
wherein X is selected from S, O, Se, Te, PR.sup.2 and NR.sup.2, Y is hydrogen (H) or a precursor of a good leaving group Y.sup.− whose conjugate acid (HY) has a pK.sub.a of less than 45, Z is hydrogen (H), silyl, or a good leaving group whose conjugate acid (HY) has a pK.sub.a of less than 45, b is 0, 1 or 2, each R.sup.1 is a substituent, and the at least one compound of formula (1) includes at least one compound of formula (1) with Z═H and Y≠H.