A positive temperature coefficient component includes: a substrate (32); a conductive ink (36) disposed over at least a portion of the substrate (32); a positive temperature coefficient layer (38) disposed over at least a portion of the substrate (32) and/or the conductive ink (36); and a topcoat layer (42) formed from a coating composition including a dielectric material disposed over at least a portion of the positive temperature coefficient layer (38) and/or the conductive ink (36).

A positive temperature coefficient component includes: a substrate (32); a conductive ink (36) disposed over at least a portion of the substrate (32); a positive temperature coefficient layer (38) disposed over at least a portion of the substrate (32) and/or the conductive ink (36); and a topcoat layer (42) formed from a coating composition including a dielectric material disposed over at least a portion of the positive temperature coefficient layer (38) and/or the conductive ink (36).

A resistive material for sensing current contains particles having an electrically insulating property and a metal body having a three-dimensional network enclosing the particles, and a ratio of the metal body to the whole of the resistive material is 30 vol % or more and 80 vol % or less.

The resistive material contains copper and manganese, an oxide film of manganese being formed on a surface of the resistive material.

The resistive material contains copper and manganese, an oxide film of manganese being formed on a surface of the resistive material.

Provided is a shunt resistor with an enhanced strength and reduced electrical resistance between a resistive element and terminals of the shunt resistor. This shunt resistor includes a first terminal and a second terminal each made of an electrically conductive metal material; and a resistive element disposed between the first terminal and the second terminal. The first terminal and the second terminal each have a through-hole, and the resistive element is embedded in the through-holes of the first terminal and the second terminal in a depth direction thereof. Regions connecting the resistive element to the first terminal and the second terminal each have an alloy portion formed along an inner peripheral surface of the through-hole.

Provided is a shunt resistor with an enhanced strength and reduced electrical resistance between a resistive element and terminals of the shunt resistor. This shunt resistor includes a first terminal and a second terminal each made of an electrically conductive metal material; and a resistive element disposed between the first terminal and the second terminal. The first terminal and the second terminal each have a through-hole, and the resistive element is embedded in the through-holes of the first terminal and the second terminal in a depth direction thereof. Regions connecting the resistive element to the first terminal and the second terminal each have an alloy portion formed along an inner peripheral surface of the through-hole.

A magnetoresistive current limiter, comprising a substrate, a magnetoresistive sensor layer, a first insulating layer, a coil, a second insulating layer, a magnetic shield layer, and an input electrode and output electrode. The coil is located between the magnetic shield layer and the magnetoresistive sensor layer. The first and second insulating layers are isolated from the magnetoresistive sensor layer and the coil, and from the coil and the magnetic shield layer, respectively; the magnetoresistive sensor layer and the coil are connected in series, and are connected to the input electrode and the output electrode. The magnetoresistive sensor layer comprises N rows of array-type magnetic tunnel junction lines; the coil comprises 2*N+M (N>1, M=−1 or 3) conductive lines in series or N+M (N>1, M=0 or 2) conductive lines in parallel; current flows in the same direction into the conductive lines located above or below the tunnel junction lines and produces, at the magnetic tunnel junction lines, a uniform magnetic field. The magnetic tunnel junction of the magnetically sensitive axis is perpendicular to the magnetic tunnel junction lines, and the magnetoresistive sensor layer has the feature of a monotonic or axisymmetric linear rise in resistance to the magnetic field. The magnetoresistive current limiter has the features of rapid response, continuous operation, and ability to increase or decrease current.

A magnetoresistive current limiter, comprising a substrate, a magnetoresistive sensor layer, a first insulating layer, a coil, a second insulating layer, a magnetic shield layer, and an input electrode and output electrode. The coil is located between the magnetic shield layer and the magnetoresistive sensor layer. The first and second insulating layers are isolated from the magnetoresistive sensor layer and the coil, and from the coil and the magnetic shield layer, respectively; the magnetoresistive sensor layer and the coil are connected in series, and are connected to the input electrode and the output electrode. The magnetoresistive sensor layer comprises N rows of array-type magnetic tunnel junction lines; the coil comprises 2*N+M (N>1, M=−1 or 3) conductive lines in series or N+M (N>1, M=0 or 2) conductive lines in parallel; current flows in the same direction into the conductive lines located above or below the tunnel junction lines and produces, at the magnetic tunnel junction lines, a uniform magnetic field. The magnetic tunnel junction of the magnetically sensitive axis is perpendicular to the magnetic tunnel junction lines, and the magnetoresistive sensor layer has the feature of a monotonic or axisymmetric linear rise in resistance to the magnetic field. The magnetoresistive current limiter has the features of rapid response, continuous operation, and ability to increase or decrease current.

A connector for providing electronic communication with an electronic device is disclosed. The connector can comprise a substrate comprising layers of non-conductive material and conductive material. The connector can include an interface member mounted to the substrate and electrically connected with the conductor. A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) fuse can be embedded in the substrate and electrically connected with the conductor and the interface member. At least a portion of the PTC fuse can be disposed directly below the interface member.