An energy storage device includes: an external terminal having any one of positive and negative polarities and including a protrusion and a first terminal; a case having a polarity opposite to the external terminal and including an extension; a substrate disposed to surround an outer circumference of the protrusion of the external terminal through a hole formed at a center thereof; and a connection member located at an upper surface of the substrate and coupled to the first terminal of the external terminal, wherein the first terminal and the substrate are connected by means of the connection member, and the extension is connected to the substrate. Since positive and negative electrodes of the energy storage device are electrically connected to a substrate having a cell balancing function without a harness or any other member, it is possible to improve the economic feasibility and productivity of the energy storage device module.

A power storage module includes power storage elements having electrode surfaces of positive electrode surfaces and negative electrode surfaces on front and back surfaces thereof, a conductive member electrically connected to the electrode surfaces of the power storage elements, and a wiring module electrically connected to the conductive member. The power storage elements are arranged in an arrangement direction such that the electrode surfaces of the power storage elements that are adjacent to each other are opposed to each other. The electrode surfaces of the power storage elements that are adjacent to each other are electrically connected by the conductive member that is disposed between the power storage elements that are adjacent to each other. The wiring module is disposed between the power storage elements that are adjacent to each other. The conductive member and the wiring module are disposed inside an outline of the power storage elements seen from the arrangement direction.

A power storage module includes power storage elements having electrode surfaces of positive electrode surfaces and negative electrode surfaces on front and back surfaces thereof, a conductive member electrically connected to the electrode surfaces of the power storage elements, and a wiring module electrically connected to the conductive member. The power storage elements are arranged in an arrangement direction such that the electrode surfaces of the power storage elements that are adjacent to each other are opposed to each other. The electrode surfaces of the power storage elements that are adjacent to each other are electrically connected by the conductive member that is disposed between the power storage elements that are adjacent to each other. The wiring module is disposed between the power storage elements that are adjacent to each other. The conductive member and the wiring module are disposed inside an outline of the power storage elements seen from the arrangement direction.

A capacitor includes a first metal layer disposed on a wafer or substrate, a first polarized dielectric layer above the first metal layer and comprising a plurality of electrets formed by aligning molecular dipoles throughout a three-dimensional surface area of a polarizable dielectric material during polarization by applying a momentary electric field of positive or negative polarity, a second metal layer disposed on the first polarized dielectric layer to electrically isolate the first polarized dielectric layer, and a second polarized dielectric layer above the second metal layer, the second polarized dielectric layer comprising a plurality of electrets formed by aligning molecular dipoles throughout a three-dimensional surface area of a polarizable dielectric material during polarization by applying a second momentary electric field of opposing polarity. A plurality of alternating polarized dielectric layers and metal layers may be arranged in series to form a stack, with an internal passivation layer disposed between each stack.

A capacitor includes a first metal layer disposed on a wafer or substrate, a first polarized dielectric layer above the first metal layer and comprising a plurality of electrets formed by aligning molecular dipoles throughout a three-dimensional surface area of a polarizable dielectric material during polarization by applying a momentary electric field of positive or negative polarity, a second metal layer disposed on the first polarized dielectric layer to electrically isolate the first polarized dielectric layer, and a second polarized dielectric layer above the second metal layer, the second polarized dielectric layer comprising a plurality of electrets formed by aligning molecular dipoles throughout a three-dimensional surface area of a polarizable dielectric material during polarization by applying a second momentary electric field of opposing polarity. A plurality of alternating polarized dielectric layers and metal layers may be arranged in series to form a stack, with an internal passivation layer disposed between each stack.

A dual-function supercapacitor carbon fiber composite stores electrical energy and functions, for example, as the body shell of electric vehicles (EVs). This is achieved with a vertically aligned graphene on carbon fiber electrode, upon which metal oxides were deposited to obtain ultra-high energy density anode and cathode. A high-strength multilayer carbon composite assembly is fabricated using an alternate layer patterning configuration of epoxy and polyacrylamide gel electrolyte. The energized composite delivers a high areal energy density of 0.31 mWh cm.sup.−2 at 0.3 mm thickness and showed a high tensile strength of 518 MPa, bending strength of 477 MPa, and impact strength 2666 J/m. To show application in EVs, a toy car body fabricated with energized composite operates using the energy stored inside the frame. Moreover, when integrated with a solar cell, this composite powered an IoT (interne of things) device, showing feasibility in communication satellites.

The formation method of graphene includes the steps of forming a layer including graphene oxide over a first conductive layer; and supplying a potential at which the reduction reaction of the graphene oxide occurs to the first conductive layer in an electrolyte where the first conductive layer as a working electrode and a second conductive layer with a as a counter electrode are immersed. A manufacturing method of a power storage device including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator includes a step of forming graphene for an active material layer of one of or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the formation method.

The formation method of graphene includes the steps of forming a layer including graphene oxide over a first conductive layer; and supplying a potential at which the reduction reaction of the graphene oxide occurs to the first conductive layer in an electrolyte where the first conductive layer as a working electrode and a second conductive layer with a as a counter electrode are immersed. A manufacturing method of a power storage device including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator includes a step of forming graphene for an active material layer of one of or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the formation method.

An electric energy storage device in which a cell assembly having electrode leads is installed in a metal case. The electric energy storage device includes an internal terminal formed with a support, connection ribs and thorough portions, and the electrode leads include a part of electrode leads compressed by the support and the connection ribs of the internal terminal and a part of electrode leads located at the thorough portions of the internal terminal to maintain a shape thereof.

An electrode, process for preparing the electrode and devices thereof. An electrode comprising at least one metal deposited on a substrate; and at least one electrically conducting polymer. The devices comprising the electrode for energy storage and molecular separation.