A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

An electrochemical cell comprises a first electrode having a first inner surface; a second electrode having a second inner surface, the second inner surface facing the first inner surface; a nanostructured material positioned on at least one of the first inner surface and second inner surface; and an ionic liquid positioned between the first inner surface and the second inner surface, the ionic liquid being in electrical communication with the first electrode and second electrode.

A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

The invention provides a zwitterionic plastic crystal (ZIPC) compound in the form of a single molecule comprising: at least one positively charged functional group carrying at least one positive charge, and at least one negatively functional group carrying at least one negative charge, wherein the positively charged functional groups and the negatively charged functional groups are covalently tethered together in the molecule, and the net charge of the zwitterionic compound is zero, and wherein the compound exhibits evidence of molecular disorder in the solid state.

An organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer; and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein: the emission layer includes a first compound, at least one of the hole transport region and the electron transport region includes a second compound, the first compound is represented by Formula 1A or 1B, and the second compound is represented by Formula 2A or 2B: ##STR00001##

A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

The present invention generally relates to artificial photosystems and methods of their use, for example in artificial photosynthesis, wherein the artificial photosystems comprise one or more light-harvesting antenna (LHA) comprising a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) complex (CPEC) comprising a donor CPE and an acceptor CPE, wherein the donor CPE and acceptor CPE are an electronic energy transfer (EET) donor/acceptor pair.

A solar cell device having a solid state light absorber region that incorporates a donor-acceptor particle structure. The particle structure includes acceptor particles that generate a flow of electrons in the solid state light absorber region in response to absorbed photons; and donor particles comprising a phosphorescent material, wherein each donor particle is coupled to a group of acceptor particles, and wherein the phosphorescent material absorbs high energy photons and emits lower energy photons that are absorbed by the acceptor particles.

The present disclosure describes solution methods for manufacturing perovskite halide films for use in solar cells. The methods include the use of additives that facilitate the formation of transitory, intermediate films that are later transformed into the final target perovskite halide films, such that the final films provide improved physical characteristics and operational performance.

A photovoltaic device is provided. The photovoltaic device includes a metal salt layer disposed adjacent to a perovskite layer. The metal salt layer diffuses into the perovskite layer. Methods for fabricating the photovoltaic device are also provided.