This application discloses an ultraviolet lamp with minimized ozone generation, the ultraviolet lamp comprising an outer tube; an inner tube arranged across the interior of the outer tube; an outer electrode installed on the outside wall of the outer tube; and an inner electrode installed on the inner side of the tube; wherein the outer electrode is in surface contact with the outside wall of the outer tube; and the width of the contact surface between the outer electrode and the outer tube is equal to the width of the effective electric field generated between the outer electrode and the inner electrode. Thus, because there is no discharge area between the outer electrode and the outer tube, when the outer electrode is connected to a high voltage, there is no discharge in the air, and no ozone is generated.

A switchgear includes a movable part capable of reciprocating movement, a movable contact coupled to the movable part, a member that biases the movable contact, a latch capable of switching between a first state in which movement of the movable contact is restricted and a second state in which movement is permitted, a part that accommodates the movable part and the movable contact therein, a fixed contact provided outside of the accommodating part, and a moving part that moves with the movable contact. The latch is switched to the second state when the movable contact has moved against the biasing force. The accommodating part contains a first region and a second region, which is on a side of the fixed contact with respect to the first region within a range of movement of the moving part. The first region has an inner diameter smaller than that of the second region.

A heat transfer system is disclosed that includes an electrocaloric element including an electrocaloric material and electrodes arranged to impart an electric field to the electrocaloric material. A first thermal flow path is disposed between the electrocaloric material and a heat sink. A second thermal flow path is disposed between the electrocaloric material and a heat source. An electric power source is in operative electrical communication with the electrodes. The system also includes an arc suppression circuit in series with the electrocaloric element. The arc suppression circuit includes an interruptible electrical connection configured to interrupt the electrical connection in response to detection of an arc between the electrodes, and a series shunt connection in parallel with the interruptible electrical connection, with the series shunt connection including a series shunt load.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for closing a gas circuit breaker (GCB) during energizing of a shunt reactor. In embodiments, the method comprises determining a phase angle from a bus voltage zero to a GCB main contact closing, and closing the gas circuit breaker using synchronous switching control (SSC) according to the phase angle. In embodiments, the gas circuit breaker (GCB) comprises an interrupter and a pre-insertion resistor, where the pre-insertion resistor is electrically coupled in parallel to the interrupter contacts. In embodiments, the GCB with the pre-insertion resistor is placed between the bus and the shunt reactor, and the pre-insertion resistor unit is placed in the same gas enclosure as the circuit breaker. The pre-insertion resistor is electrically inserted between the GCB interrupter contacts in its closing operation.

A switchgear includes a movable part capable of reciprocating movement, a movable contact coupled to the movable part, a member that biases the movable contact, a latch capable of switching between a first state in which movement of the movable contact is restricted and a second state in which movement is permitted, a part that accommodates the movable part and the movable contact therein, a fixed contact provided outside of the accommodating part, and a moving part that moves with the movable contact. The latch is switched to the second state when the movable contact has moved against the biasing force. The accommodating part contains a first region and a second region, which is on a side of the fixed contact with respect to the first region within a range of movement of the moving part. The first region has an inner diameter smaller than that of the second region.

A switch assembly for high voltage applications, where the switch assembly includes a traditional mechanical switch and a triggered gap device electrically coupled in parallel. The mechanical switch includes a first switch contact and a second switch contact, where one or both of the first switch contact and the second switch contact are movable to engage and disengage the first and second switch contacts to allow or prevent current flow therethrough. The triggered gap device includes a vacuum enclosure, a first stationary contact positioned within the enclosure and a second stationary contact positioned within the enclosure, where a gap is defined between the first and second stationary contacts. The triggered gap device further includes a plasma control device that allows creation of a plasma in the gap that causes an arc between the stationary contacts on the order of micro-seconds that allows current flow between the contacts.

A switching device including a frame, a first fixed contact member having a first contact area, and a first movable contact member having a first contact arm provided with a contact area. The first movable contact member is adapted to pivot relative to the frame around a first pivoting axis between a first position and a second position. The switching device includes a spreader member that is adapted to provide a first intermediate position for the first movable contact member in which a projection of the contact area of the first contact arm overlaps at least partially with a projection of the first contact area on a switch plane perpendicular to the first pivoting axis while the contact area of the first contact arm is spaced apart from the first contact area.

A heat transfer system is disclosed that includes an electrocaloric element including an electrocaloric material and electrodes arranged to impart an electric field to the electrocaloric material. A first thermal flow path is disposed between the electrocaloric material and a heat sink. A second thermal flow path is disposed between the electrocaloric material and a heat source. An electric power source is in operative electrical communication with the electrodes. The system also includes an arc suppression circuit in series with the electrocaloric element. The arc suppression circuit includes an interruptible electrical connection configured to interrupt the electrical connection in response to detection of an arc between the electrodes, and a series shunt connection in parallel with the interruptible electrical connection, with the series shunt connection including a series shunt load.

A switching device including a frame, a first fixed contact member having a first contact area, and a first movable contact member having a first contact arm provided with a contact area. The first movable contact member is adapted to pivot relative to the frame around a first pivoting axis between a first position and a second position. The switching device includes a spreader member that is adapted to provide a first intermediate position for the first movable contact member in which a projection of the contact area of the first contact arm overlaps at least partially with a projection of the first contact area on a switch plane perpendicular to the first pivoting axis while the contact area of the first contact arm is spaced apart from the first contact area.

A switch assembly for high voltage applications, where the switch assembly includes a traditional mechanical switch and a triggered gap device electrically coupled in parallel. The mechanical switch includes a first switch contact and a second switch contact, where one or both of the first switch contact and the second switch contact are movable to engage and disengage the first and second switch contacts to allow or prevent current flow therethrough. The triggered gap device includes a vacuum enclosure, a first stationary contact positioned within the enclosure and a second stationary contact positioned within the enclosure, where a gap is defined between the first and second stationary contacts. The triggered gap device further includes a plasma control device that allows creation of a plasma in the gap that causes an arc between the stationary contacts on the order of micro-seconds that allows current flow between the contacts.