An electron source according to the present disclosure includes a columnar portion made of a first material having an electron emission characteristic; and a tubular portion that is disposed to surround the columnar portion and made of a second material having a higher work function than the first material, wherein a hole that extends in a direction from one end face toward the other end face and has a substantially circular cross-sectional shape is formed in the tubular portion, and the columnar portion has a substantially triangular or substantially quadrangular cross-sectional shape and is fixed to the tubular portion in an abutting engagement with an inner surface of the hole.

A method to reduce the work function of a carbon-coated lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) cathode wherein the exposed tip of the cathode is exposed to moisture between two heat treatments is provided. The work function may be reduced by 0.01 eV or more.

A method to reduce the work function of a carbon-coated lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) cathode wherein the exposed tip of the cathode is exposed to moisture between two heat treatments is provided. The work function may be reduced by 0.01 eV or more.

Provided is a negative ion source and a negative ion generation method capable of providing a high negative ion generation efficiency. A negative ion source includes a housing that includes: an inlet from which a sample is introduced; a plasma generation region communicated with the inlet, a plasma being generated by discharge in the plasma generation region; a negative ion generation region in which particles dissociated or excited by a reaction of the generated plasma with the sample are converted into negative ions; and an extraction port communicated with the negative ion generation region, the generated negative ions being extracted outside through the extraction port. The negative ion generation region is filled with a thermionic emission material for generating thermoelectrons by high frequency heating.

The invention provides an electron source including a columnar chip of a hexaboride single crystal, a metal pipe that holds the columnar chip of the hexaboride single crystal, and a filament connected to the metal pipe at a central portion. The columnar chip of the hexaboride single crystal is formed into a cone shape at a portion closer to a tip than a portion held in the metal pipe, and a tip end portion having the cone shape has a (310) crystal face. Schottky electrons are emitted from the (310) crystal face. According to the invention, it is possible to provide a novel electron source having monochromaticity, long-term stability of an emitter current, and high current density.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an emitter capable of easily and highly efficiently emitting electrons, an electron gun using same, and an electronic device.

This emitter is provided with a cathode holder, and an acicular substance secured to the cathode holder. An end, to which the acicular substance is secured, of the cathode holder is bent at α(α(°) satisfies 5<α≤70) that is an angle formed with respect to a cathode axis being the longitudinal direction of the cathode holder, the acicular substance is a single crystal nanowire or nanotube, and a relation L/T between the thickness T ( μm) of the end of the cathode holder and a length L ( μm) by which the acicular substance protrudes from the end satisfies 0.3≤L/T≤2.5.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an emitter capable of easily and highly efficiently emitting electrons, an electron gun using same, and an electronic device. This emitter is provided with a cathode holder, and an acicular substance secured to the cathode holder. An end, to which the acicular substance is secured, of the cathode holder is bent at α (α(°) satisfies 5<α≤70) that is an angle formed with respect to a cathode axis being the longitudinal direction of the cathode holder, the acicular substance is a single crystal nanowire or nanotube, and a relation L/T between the thickness T (μm) of the end of the cathode holder and a length L (μm) by which the acicular substance protrudes from the end satisfies 0.3≤L/T≤2.5.

A method for manufacturing an electron source according to the present disclosure includes steps of: (A) preparing a first member provided with a columnar portion made of a first material having an electron emission characteristic, (B) preparing a second member which has a higher work function and a lower strength than the first material, and in which a hole is formed extending in a direction from one end surface toward the other end surface, and (C) pushing the columnar portion into the hole in the second member, wherein the first member has a cross-sectional shape that is dissimilar to the cross-sectional shape of the hole; and in the step (C), by pressing the columnar portion into the hole, a portion of a side surface of the columnar portion scrapes the inner surface of the hole and bites into the second member, thereby fixing the columnar portion to the second member.

A charged particle beam source, such as for use in an electron microscope, can include a mounting member defining a first opening at a free end of the mounting member and a bore extending from the first opening into the mounting member along a longitudinal axis of the mounting member. A second opening can be defined in a side wall of the mounting member and can extend between an outer surface of the mounting member and the bore, the second opening being spaced apart from the first opening along the longitudinal axis of the mounting member. An emitter member can be received in the bore and aligned along the longitudinal axis of the mounting member. A fixative material can be received in the bore and in the second opening to retain the emitter member in the bore.

A system and method for injecting a medication, the system comprising an injection syringe comprising a sensor, an indicator light, and/or a digital meter. The sensor can be a blood vessel sensor, such as, a blood pressure sensor, a pressure sensor, and/or a RAMAN spectroscopy tool. The method can comprise, obtaining the syringe filled with a fluid, inserting the needle, checking the indicator, and based on the indicator, dispensing the fluid.