A vacuum electron tube comprises at least one electron-emitting cathode and at least one anode arranged in a vacuum chamber, the cathode having a planar structure comprising a substrate comprising a conductive material, a plurality of nanotube or nanowire elements electrically insulated from the substrate, the longitudinal axis of the nanotube or nanowire elements substantially parallel to the plane of the substrate, and at least one first connector electrically linked to at least one nanotube or nanowire element so as to be able to apply a first electrical potential to the nanowire or nanotube element.

Provided is a field emission apparatus including a pipe-shaped emitter holder comprising an electrically conductive material and a first internal space communicated in a first direction, and an emitter electrode having one or more yarns each having a structure extending in the first direction in which a plurality of CNTs that extend in the first direction are aggregated, and the emitter electrode is inserted in the first internal space while extending in the first direction.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an emitter capable of easily and highly efficiently emitting electrons, an electron gun using same, and an electronic device.

This emitter is provided with a cathode holder, and an acicular substance secured to the cathode holder. An end, to which the acicular substance is secured, of the cathode holder is bent at α(α(°) satisfies 5<α≤70) that is an angle formed with respect to a cathode axis being the longitudinal direction of the cathode holder, the acicular substance is a single crystal nanowire or nanotube, and a relation L/T between the thickness T ( μm) of the end of the cathode holder and a length L ( μm) by which the acicular substance protrudes from the end satisfies 0.3≤L/T≤2.5.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an emitter capable of easily and highly efficiently emitting electrons, an electron gun using same, and an electronic device. This emitter is provided with a cathode holder, and an acicular substance secured to the cathode holder. An end, to which the acicular substance is secured, of the cathode holder is bent at α (α(°) satisfies 5<α≤70) that is an angle formed with respect to a cathode axis being the longitudinal direction of the cathode holder, the acicular substance is a single crystal nanowire or nanotube, and a relation L/T between the thickness T (μm) of the end of the cathode holder and a length L (μm) by which the acicular substance protrudes from the end satisfies 0.3≤L/T≤2.5.

A method of preparation of focal plane arrays of infrared bolometers includes processing carbon nanotubes to increase a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), followed by patterning to form focal plane arrays for infrared imaging.

Provided is a field emission apparatus including a pipe-shaped emitter holder comprising an electrically conductive material and a first internal space communicated in a first direction, and an emitter electrode having one or more yarns each having a structure extending in the first direction in which a plurality of CNTs that extend in the first direction are aggregated, and the emitter electrode is inserted in the first internal space while extending in the first direction.

The present disclosure generally relates to field emission cathode structure for a field emission arrangement, specifically adapted for enhance reliability and prolong the lifetime of the field emission arrangement by arranging a getter element underneath a gas permeable portion of the field emission cathode structure. The present disclosure also relates to a field emission lighting arrangement comprising such a field emission cathode structure and to a field emission lighting system.

A vacuum electron tube comprises at least one electron-emitting cathode and at least one anode arranged in a vacuum chamber, the cathode having a planar structure comprising a substrate comprising a conductive material, a plurality of nanotube or nanowire elements electrically insulated from the substrate, the longitudinal axis of the nanotube or nanowire elements substantially parallel to the plane of the substrate, and at least one first connector electrically linked to at least one nanotube or nanowire element so as to be able to apply a first electrical potential to the nanowire or nanotube element.

The present disclosure generally relates to field emission cathode structure for a field emission arrangement, specifically adapted for enhance reliability and prolong the lifetime of the field emission arrangement by arranging a getter element underneath a gas permeable portion of the field emission cathode structure. The present disclosure also relates to a field emission lighting arrangement comprising such a field emission cathode structure and to a field emission lighting system.

A method is disclosed for producing an electron emitter (1) with a component surface (3) of which is coated with a coating (2) that contains nanorods (4, 7), in particular carbon nanotubes. According to said method, an elastomer film is applied and is then peeled off to obtain a surface from which carbon nanotubes (7) with an upright orientation project upward from an inorganic and electrically conductive adhesive layer (5). In another example, an overall coating region of the electron emitter (1) has an average number (n) of carbon nanotubes (7) with a predominantly upright orientation that project upward from the electrically conductive adhesive layer (5), the number of nanotubes (7) with a predominantly upright orientation per mm.sup.2 protruding from the adhesive layer deviating from the average value (n) by not more than 25% for each partial coating region of a size of at least 10.sup.8 mm.sup.2.