An apparatus includes: a structure having a lumen for accommodating a beam, wherein the structure is a component of a medical radiation machine having a target for interaction with the beam to generate radiation; and a first beam position monitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being mounted to a first side of the structure, the second electrode being mounted to a second side of the structure, the second side being opposite from the first side; wherein the first beam position monitor is located upstream with respect to the target.

A lead-in electrode, of an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer, includes: a main body having an ion passing part and a first member including a main-body accommodating part that is a through-hole. One surface of the first member includes an extension part to define a position of one surface of the main body. A second member is attached to the first member. A through-hole is provided at a position of the second member. One surface of the second member includes a first area in contact with a surface opposite to the one surface of the first member and a second area located inside with respect to the first area. The second area is formed lower than a surface, of the first area, in contact with the surface opposite to the one surface. A lead-in electrode elastic member is disposed, in the second area, between the first member and second members.

A lead-in electrode, of an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer, includes: a main body having an ion passing part and a first member including a main-body accommodating part that is a through-hole. One surface of the first member includes an extension part to define a position of one surface of the main body. A second member is attached to the first member. A through-hole is provided at a position of the second member. One surface of the second member includes a first area in contact with a surface opposite to the one surface of the first member and a second area located inside with respect to the first area. The second area is formed lower than a surface, of the first area, in contact with the surface opposite to the one surface. A lead-in electrode elastic member is disposed, in the second area, between the first member and second members.

Four rod electrodes (50a to 50d) for separating ions according to a mass-to-charge ratio are held by a rod holder (51). The rod holder (51) is placed on a metal holder sustaining stand (52) provided on a bottom surface of a vacuum housing (1), and is fixed while being pressed by a fixation band (53) fixed to the holder sustaining stand (52) with screws (56). A heat release layer (55) made from heat dissipation silicone or the like is inserted between the fixation band (53) and the rod holder (51) and between the fixation band (53) and the holder sustaining stand (52). Therefore, heat generated in the rod holder (51) due to dielectric loss is not only directly transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52), but also efficiently transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52) through the fixation band (53).

Four rod electrodes (50a to 50d) for separating ions according to a mass-to-charge ratio are held by a rod holder (51). The rod holder (51) is placed on a metal holder sustaining stand (52) provided on a bottom surface of a vacuum housing (1), and is fixed while being pressed by a fixation band (53) fixed to the holder sustaining stand (52) with screws (56). A heat release layer (55) made from heat dissipation silicone or the like is inserted between the fixation band (53) and the rod holder (51) and between the fixation band (53) and the holder sustaining stand (52). Therefore, heat generated in the rod holder (51) due to dielectric loss is not only directly transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52), but also efficiently transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52) through the fixation band (53).

A lead-in electrode, of an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer, includes: a main body having an ion passing part and a first member including a main-body accommodating part that is a through-hole. One surface of the first member includes an extension part to define a position of one surface of the main body. A second member is attached to the first member. A through-hole is provided at a position of the second member. One surface of the second member includes a first area in contact with a surface opposite to the one surface of the first member and a second area located inside with respect to the first area. The second area is formed lower than a surface, of the first area, in contact with the surface opposite to the one surface. A lead-in electrode elastic member is disposed, in the second area, between the first member and second members.

An apparatus includes: a structure having a lumen for accommodating a beam (e.g., electron beam, proton beam, or a charged particle beam), wherein the structure is a component of a medical radiation machine having a target for interaction with the beam to generate radiation; and a first beam position monitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being mounted to a first side of the structure, the second electrode being mounted to a second side of the structure, the second side being opposite from the first side; wherein the first beam position monitor is located upstream with respect to the target.

An apparatus includes: a structure having a lumen for accommodating a beam (e.g., electron beam, proton beam, or a charged particle beam), wherein the structure is a component of a medical radiation machine having a target for interaction with the beam to generate radiation; and a first beam position monitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being mounted to a first side of the structure, the second electrode being mounted to a second side of the structure, the second side being opposite from the first side; wherein the first beam position monitor is located upstream with respect to the target.

Four rod electrodes (50a to 50d) for separating ions according to a mass-to-charge ratio are held by a rod holder (51). The rod holder (51) is placed on a metal holder sustaining stand (52) provided on a bottom surface of a vacuum housing (1), and is fixed while being pressed by a fixation band (53) fixed to the holder sustaining stand (52) with screws (56). A heat release layer (55) made from heat dissipation silicone or the like is inserted between the fixation band (53) and the rod holder (51) and between the fixation band (53) and the holder sustaining stand (52). Therefore, heat generated in the rod holder (51) due to dielectric loss is not only directly transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52), but also efficiently transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52) through the fixation band (53).

An electron beam projector with a linear thermal cathode (7) for electron beam heating consists of a beam guide (1) which comprises a deflecting electromagnetic system (2) and accommodates an accelerating anode (3) fixed on it by a posts (10), where anode is connected by a high-voltage insulators (4) through a cathode plate (5) to a cathode assembly (6), that includes the linear thermal cathode (7) fastened in a cathode holders (8), and a focusing electrode (9). The accelerating anode (3) comprises a plate (11) rigidly fastened to it for hermetical separation of the cathode (7) and the beam guide (1) parts of the projector, wherein the common optical axis of a cathode assembly (6) and the accelerating anode (3) is deflected from a beam guide optical axis by an angle a that is equal to 1030.