A filter stack for a Thomson Parabola spectrometer, the filter stack having at least one filter foil of a filter material, wherein the filter foil is shaped to have stripes of a respective stripe size made of the filter material and gaps of a respective controlled gap size free of the filter material between the stripes or without gaps.

An apparatus for particle collection is provided. The apparatus includes a magnetic element configured to generate a tapered magnetic ion transport tunnel that collects particles from a local environment, a detector configured to perform one or more measurements of the collected particles, and ion optics configured to transport the collected particles to the detector.

An apparatus for particle collection is provided. The apparatus includes a magnetic element configured to generate a tapered magnetic ion transport tunnel that collects particles from a local environment, a detector configured to perform one or more measurements of the collected particles, and ion optics configured to transport the collected particles to the detector.

An apparatus for particle collection is provided. The apparatus includes a magnetic element configured to generate a tapered magnetic ion transport tunnel that collects particles from a local environment, a detector configured to perform one or more measurements of the collected particles, and ion optics configured to transport the collected particles to the detector.

An apparatus for particle collection is provided. The apparatus includes a magnetic element configured to generate a tapered magnetic ion transport tunnel that collects particles from a local environment, a detector configured to perform one or more measurements of the collected particles, and ion optics configured to transport the collected particles to the detector.

Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems, methods, and structures for compound-specific coding mass spectrometry wherein compound-specific masks/codes are positioned between an ion source and detector of a mass spectrometer.

Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems, methods, and structures for compound-specific coding mass spectrometry wherein compound-specific masks/codes are positioned between an ion source and detector of a mass spectrometer.

Embodiments provide for an ion mass spectrometer. An example ion mass spectrometer includes a laminated collimator, a laminated electrostatic analyzer (ESA) positioned downstream from the laminated collimator, a magnetic sensor analyzer positioned downstream from the laminated ESA, and a position sensitive cross-delay anode (XDL) assembly having a micro-channel plate (MCP) and a cross delay-line (XDL) anode.

Provided is a metal purification device and method based on a mass-to-charge ratio difference. The metal purification device includes a vacuum chamber, and an ion excitation chamber and an electromagnetic separation chamber that are arranged in the vacuum chamber. The ion excitation chamber and the electromagnetic separation chamber are arranged side by side. The vacuum chamber is configured to provide a vacuum purification environment or an inert gas-filled purification environment. The ion excitation chamber is configured to excite an impurity-containing metal sample to produce ionized atoms with different mass-to-charge ratios. A plurality of collectors are provided in the electromagnetic separation chamber, and the electromagnetic separation chamber is configured to provide an electric field and a magnetostatic field. Electric field forces generated by the electric field cooperate with Lorentz forces generated by the magnetostatic field to control the ionized atoms with the different mass-to-charge ratios to enter different collectors.