A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes: first, second and third active patterns on a logic cell region of a substrate and are spaced apart from each other in a first direction; first and second gate electrodes, the first gate electrode crossing the first active pattern and the second gate electrode crossing the second active pattern; a first separation pattern provided between the first and second active patterns; a second separation pattern provided between the second and third active patterns; a first gate insulating layer interposed between the first gate electrode and the first active pattern; and a first gate cutting pattern interposed between the first and second gate electrodes, and in contact with a top surface of the first separation pattern. The first separation pattern is wider than the second separation pattern, and the first gate insulating layer extends between the first gate electrode and the first separation pattern, and contacts side and top surfaces of the first separation pattern.

The present invention generally relates to nanofabrication and, in some embodiments, to methods of synthesizing selectively binding patched nanoparticles and the devices that can be made from them. In some embodiments, the invention relates to methods of assembling arbitrarily shaped structures from patched nanocubes and the devices and uses that follow. For example, nanocube building blocks may be patched by stamping their faces with a selectively binding chemical species (e.g. DNA, antibody-antigen pairs, etc.), or by using self-assembly to attach to the nanocubes multiple selectively binding patch species whose immiscibility can be preprogrammed. Arbitrarily shaped structures can then be designed and assembled by deciding which faces will be bonded to each other in some target structure and combining nanocubes that have selectively binding patches on those faces. Other aspects of the invention are also directed to methods of making such nanocubes or other nanoparticles, methods of forming such nanocubes or other nanoparticles into devices, devices formed from such nanocubes or other nanoparticles, kits including such nanocubes, nanoparticles, or devices, or the like.

A semiconductor device having a standard cell comprises a first bottom transistor, a first top transistor, a second bottom transistor, a second top transistor, and a first bottom-transistor-level metal line. The first bottom transistor is in a first row. The first top transistor is disposed above the first bottom transistor in the first row. The first bottom transistor and the first top transistor share a first gate structure. The second bottom transistor is in a second row next to the first row. The second top transistor is disposed above the second bottom transistor in the second row. The second bottom transistor and the second top transistor share a second gate structure. The first bottom-transistor-level metal line extends laterally from a first source/drain region of the first bottom transistor to a source/drain region of the second bottom transistor.

A semiconductor device includes a substrate including an N-stack cell, a buffer cell and an M-stack cell that are on the substrate, the buffer cell being between the N-stack and M-stack cells, an active pattern extending from the N-stack cell to the M-stack cell via the buffer cell, an N-stack channel pattern on the active pattern of the N-stack cell, an M-stack channel pattern on the active pattern of the M-stack cell, a dummy channel pattern on the active pattern of the buffer cell, an N-stack epitaxial pattern between the N-stack channel pattern and the dummy channel pattern, and an M-stack epitaxial pattern between the M-stack channel pattern and the dummy channel pattern. The N-stack channel pattern includes stacked N semiconductor patterns. The M-stack channel pattern includes stacked M semiconductor patterns. Each of N and M is an integer number of 2 or more, and M is greater than N.

A MOS device of an IC includes pMOS and nMOS transistors. The MOS device further includes a first M.sub.x layer interconnect extending in a first direction and coupling the pMOS and nMOS transistor drains together, and a second M.sub.x layer interconnect extending in the first direction and coupling the pMOS and nMOS transistor drains together. The first and second M.sub.x layer interconnects are parallel. The MOS device further includes a first M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The first M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect is coupled to the first M.sub.x layer interconnect and the second M.sub.x layer interconnect. The MOS device further includes a second M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect extending in the second direction. The second M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect is coupled to the first M.sub.x layer interconnect and the second M.sub.x layer interconnect. The second M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect is parallel to the first M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect.

A MOS device of an IC includes pMOS and nMOS transistors. The MOS device further includes a first M.sub.x layer interconnect extending in a first direction and coupling the pMOS and nMOS transistor drains together, and a second M.sub.x layer interconnect extending in the first direction and coupling the pMOS and nMOS transistor drains together. The first and second M.sub.x layer interconnects are parallel. The MOS device further includes a first M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The first M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect is coupled to the first M.sub.x layer interconnect and the second M.sub.x layer interconnect. The MOS device further includes a second M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect extending in the second direction. The second M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect is coupled to the first M.sub.x layer interconnect and the second M.sub.x layer interconnect. The second M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect is parallel to the first M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect.

A first conductive structure forms gate electrodes of a first transistor of a first transistor type and a first transistor of a second transistor type. A second conductive structure forms a gate electrode of a second transistor of the first transistor type. A third conductive structure forms a gate electrode of a second transistor of the second transistor type. A fourth conductive structure forms a gate electrode of a third transistor of the first transistor type. A fifth conductive structure forms a gate electrode of a third transistor of the second transistor type. A sixth conductive structure forms gate electrodes of a fourth transistor of the first transistor type and a fourth transistor of the second transistor type. The second and third transistors of the first transistor type and the second and third transistors of the second transistor type are electrically connected to form a cross-coupled transistor configuration.

A MOS device of an IC includes pMOS and nMOS transistors. The MOS device further includes a first M.sub.x layer interconnect extending in a first direction and coupling the pMOS and nMOS transistor drains together, and a second M.sub.x layer interconnect extending in the first direction and coupling the pMOS and nMOS transistor drains together. The first and second M.sub.x layer interconnects are parallel. The MOS device further includes a first M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The first M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect is coupled to the first M.sub.x layer interconnect and the second M.sub.x layer interconnect. The MOS device further includes a second M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect extending in the second direction. The second M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect is coupled to the first M.sub.x layer interconnect and the second M.sub.x layer interconnect. The second M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect is parallel to the first M.sub.x+1 layer interconnect.

A first conductive structure forms gate electrodes of a first transistor of a first transistor type and a first transistor of a second transistor type. A second conductive structure forms a gate electrode of a second transistor of the first transistor type. A third conductive structure forms a gate electrode of a second transistor of the second transistor type. A fourth conductive structure forms a gate electrode of a third transistor of the first transistor type. A fifth conductive structure forms a gate electrode of a third transistor of the second transistor type. A sixth conductive structure forms gate electrodes of a fourth transistor of the first transistor type and a fourth transistor of the second transistor type. The second and third transistors of the first transistor type and the second and third transistors of the second transistor type are electrically connected to form a cross-coupled transistor configuration.

A first PMOS transistor is defined by a gate electrode extending along a first gate electrode track. A second PMOS transistor is defined by a gate electrode extending along a second gate electrode track. A first NMOS transistor is defined by a gate electrode extending along a third gate electrode track. A second NMOS transistor is defined by a gate electrode extending along a fourth gate electrode track. The gate electrodes of the first PMOS transistor and the first NMOS transistor are electrically connected to a first gate node. The gate electrodes of the second PMOS transistor and the second NMOS transistor are electrically connected to a second gate node. Each of the first PMOS transistor, the first NMOS transistor, the second PMOS transistor, and the second NMOS transistor has a respective diffusion terminal electrically connected to a common output node.