A light emitting diode (LED) includes a n-doped semiconductor material layer, a p-doped semiconductor material layer, an active region disposed between the n-doped semiconductor layer and the p-doped semiconductor layer, and a photonic crystal grating configured to increase the light extraction efficiency of the LED.

A bonding structure formed on a substrate includes an indium layer and a passivating nickel plating formed on the indium layer. The nickel plating serves to prevent a reaction involving the indium layer.

A bonding structure formed on a substrate includes an indium layer and a passivating nickel plating formed on the indium layer. The nickel plating serves to prevent a reaction involving the indium layer.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of fabricating IC devices with IC structures with improved bonding between a semiconductor layer and a non-semiconductor support structure, as well as resulting IC devices, assemblies, and systems. An example method includes providing a semiconductor material over a semiconductor support structure and, subsequently, depositing a first bonding material on the semiconductor material. The method further includes depositing a second bonding material on a non-semiconductor support structure such as glass or mica wafers, followed by bonding the face of the semiconductor material with the first bonding material to the face of the non-semiconductor support structure with the second bonding material. Using first and second bonding materials that include silicon, nitrogen, and oxygen (e.g., silicon oxynitride or carbon-doped silicon oxynitride) may significantly improve bonding between semiconductor layers and non-semiconductor support structures compared to layer transfer techniques.

A method includes forming a conductive pad over an interconnect structure of a wafer, forming a capping layer over the conductive pad, forming a dielectric layer covering the capping layer, and etching the dielectric layer to form an opening in the dielectric layer. The capping layer is exposed to the opening. A wet-cleaning process is then performed on the wafer. During the wet-cleaning process, a top surface of the capping layer is exposed to a chemical solution used for performing the wet-cleaning process. The method further includes depositing a conductive diffusion barrier extending into the opening, and depositing a conductive material over the conductive diffusion barrier.

A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor are provided. In an embodiment, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided. A first surface of a metal silicide layer may be treated with an oxidizing agent to oxidize metal silicide protrusions on the first surface of the metal silicide layer. After treating the first surface with the oxidizing agent, the first surface may be treated with a cleaning agent to remove oxide over the metal silicide protrusions, wherein a size of a metal silicide protrusion of the metal silicide protrusions after treating the first surface with the cleaning agent is smaller than a size of the metal silicide protrusion prior to treating the first surface with the oxidizing agent.

A method includes forming a conductive pad over an interconnect structure of a wafer, forming a capping layer over the conductive pad, forming a dielectric layer covering the capping layer, and etching the dielectric layer to form an opening in the dielectric layer. The capping layer is exposed to the opening. A wet-cleaning process is then performed on the wafer. During the wet-cleaning process, a top surface of the capping layer is exposed to a chemical solution used for performing the wet-cleaning process. The method further includes depositing a conductive diffusion barrier extending into the opening, and depositing a conductive material over the conductive diffusion barrier.

A light emitting diode (LED) includes a n-doped semiconductor material layer, a p-doped semiconductor material layer, an active region disposed between the n-doped semiconductor layer and the p-doped semiconductor layer, and a photonic crystal grating configured to increase the light extraction efficiency of the LED.

A bonding structure formed on a substrate includes an indium layer and a passivating nickel plating formed on the indium layer. The nickel plating serves to prevent a reaction involving the indium layer.

A bonding structure formed on a substrate includes an indium layer and a passivating nickel plating formed on the indium layer. The nickel plating serves to prevent a reaction involving the indium layer.