An electronic device includes a substrate, an electronic component, a first interposing layer and a second interposing layer. The substrate is non-planar and the substrate includes a first substrate pad and a second substrate pad. The electronic component includes a first component pad and a second component pad corresponding to the first substrate pad and the second substrate pad respectively. When the first component pad contacts the first substrate pad, a height difference exists between the second component pad and the second substrate pad. The first interposing layer connects between the first component pad and the first substrate pad. The second interposing layer connects between the second component pad and the second substrate pad. A thickness difference between the first interposing layer and the second interposing layer is 0.5 to 1 time the height difference.

A heterostructure comprising at least one carbon nanomembrane on top of at least one carbon layer, a method of manufacture of the heterostructure, and an electronic device, a sensor and a diagnostic device comprising the heterostructure. The heterostructure comprises at least one carbon nanomembrane on top of at least one carbon layer, wherein the at least one carbon nanomembrane has a thickness of 0.5 to 5 nm and the heterostructure has a thickness of 1 to 10 nm.

An apparatus includes a transfer mechanism to transfer an electrically-actuatable element directly from a wafer tape to a transfer location on a circuit trace on a product substrate. The transfer mechanism includes one or more transfer wires. Two or more stabilizers disposed on either side of the one or more transfer wires. A needle actuator is connected to the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to move the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to a die transfer position.

An apparatus includes a transfer mechanism to transfer an electrically-actuatable element directly from a wafer tape to a transfer location on a circuit trace on a product substrate. The transfer mechanism includes one or more transfer wires. Two or more stabilizers disposed on either side of the one or more transfer wires. A needle actuator is connected to the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to move the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to a die transfer position.

An apparatus includes a transfer mechanism to transfer an electrically-actuatable element directly from a wafer tape to a transfer location on a circuit trace on a product substrate. The transfer mechanism includes one or more transfer wires. Two or more stabilizers disposed on either side of the one or more transfer wires. A needle actuator is connected to the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to move the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to a die transfer position.

An apparatus includes a transfer mechanism to transfer an electrically-actuatable element directly from a wafer tape to a transfer location on a circuit trace on a product substrate. The transfer mechanism includes one or more transfer wires. Two or more stabilizers disposed on either side of the one or more transfer wires. A needle actuator is connected to the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to move the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to a die transfer position.

An apparatus includes a transfer mechanism to transfer an electrically-actuatable element directly from a wafer tape to a transfer location on a circuit trace on a product substrate. The transfer mechanism includes one or more transfer wires. Two or more stabilizers disposed on either side of the one or more transfer wires. A needle actuator is connected to the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to move the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to a die transfer position.

An apparatus includes a transfer mechanism to transfer an electrically-actuatable element directly from a wafer tape to a transfer location on a circuit trace on a product substrate. The transfer mechanism includes one or more transfer wires. Two or more stabilizers disposed on either side of the one or more transfer wires. A needle actuator is connected to the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to move the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to a die transfer position.

An apparatus includes a transfer mechanism to transfer an electrically-actuatable element directly from a wafer tape to a transfer location on a circuit trace on a product substrate. The transfer mechanism includes one or more transfer wires. Two or more stabilizers disposed on either side of the one or more transfer wires. A needle actuator is connected to the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to move the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to a die transfer position.

An apparatus includes a transfer mechanism to transfer an electrically-actuatable element directly from a wafer tape to a transfer location on a circuit trace on a product substrate. The transfer mechanism includes one or more transfer wires. Two or more stabilizers disposed on either side of the one or more transfer wires. A needle actuator is connected to the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to move the one or more transfer wires and the two or more stabilizers to a die transfer position.