An lead-acid battery is described. The battery includes a carbon fiber electrode having a paste containing a novel additive including one or more carbons, organic expanders, and barium sulfate.

An lead-acid battery is described. The battery includes a carbon fiber electrode having a paste containing a novel additive including one or more carbons, organic expanders, and barium sulfate.

An objective is to improve the corrosion resistance of a positive electrode grid for lead acid batteries.

Provided is a positive electrode grid for lead acid batteries, and a lead acid battery including the grid. The grid includes a lead alloy containing calcium and tin. The lead alloy has a calcium content of 0.10 mass % or less, and a tin content of 2.3 mass % or less, and a lattice constant of 4.9470 Å or less.

An objective is to improve the corrosion resistance of a positive electrode grid for lead acid batteries.

Provided is a positive electrode grid for lead acid batteries, and a lead acid battery including the grid. The grid includes a lead alloy containing calcium and tin. The lead alloy has a calcium content of 0.10 mass % or less, and a tin content of 2.3 mass % or less, and a lattice constant of 4.9470 Å or less.

A method of increasing secondary power source capacity includes doping a compound into an electrolyte as an additive which binding energy is higher than binding energy of combinations that are formed at a secondary power source discharge, the compound being ZnKr or CdAr. The method can be used in manufacturing secondary power sources such as batteries for electrical machines, transport vehicles, and cars, and for power sources for portable and mobile electronic devices.

A method of increasing secondary power source capacity includes doping a compound into an electrolyte as an additive which binding energy is higher than binding energy of combinations that are formed at a secondary power source discharge, the compound being ZnKr or CdAr. The method can be used in manufacturing secondary power sources such as batteries for electrical machines, transport vehicles, and cars, and for power sources for portable and mobile electronic devices.

An electrochemical cell assembly includes an electrochemical cell including housing and a negative active material disposed within a first electrode chamber of the housing. The negative active material includes lead. The electrochemical cell further includes a positive active material disposed within a second electrode chamber of the housing and a separator disposed in the housing between the first electrode chamber and the second electrode chamber. The positive active material includes lead and/or lead dioxide. The electrochemical cell assembly further includes a pumping assembly configured to pump a plurality of electrolytes through either the first electrode chamber or the second electrode chamber during operation of the electrochemical cell based on a process of a cell cycle of the electrochemical cell.

An electrochemical cell assembly includes an electrochemical cell including housing and a negative active material disposed within a first electrode chamber of the housing. The negative active material includes lead. The electrochemical cell further includes a positive active material disposed within a second electrode chamber of the housing and a separator disposed in the housing between the first electrode chamber and the second electrode chamber. The positive active material includes lead and/or lead dioxide. The electrochemical cell assembly further includes a pumping assembly configured to pump a plurality of electrolytes through either the first electrode chamber or the second electrode chamber during operation of the electrochemical cell based on a process of a cell cycle of the electrochemical cell.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.