Provided is a process for preparing an electrode comprising an iron active material. The process comprises first fabricating an electrode comprising an iron active material, and then treating the surface of the electrode with water to thereby create an oxidized surface. The resulting iron electrode is preconditioned prior to any charge-discharge cycle to have the assessable surface of the iron active material in the same oxidation state as in discharged iron negative electrodes active material.

Various implementations of a method of forming an electrochemical cell include providing a first electrode, a second electrode, a separator between the first and second electrodes, and an electrolyte in a cell container. The first electrode can include silicon-dominant electrochemically active material. The silicon-dominant electrochemically active material can include greater than 50% silicon by weight. The method can also include exposing at least a part of the electrochemical cell to CO.sub.2, and forming a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the first electrode using the CO.sub.2.

Systems and methods for a lithium-ion battery cell are disclosed. In one example, a method for forming a cathode for a lithium-ion battery cell includes forming a pre-lithiated cathode with a pre-lithiation reagent and positioning the pre-lithiated cathode in contact with an electrolyte. An electrolyte additive is injected into the electrolyte to form a passivation layer at the pre-lithiated cathode, the passivation layer inhibiting continued decomposition of the pre-lithiation reagent of the pre-lithiated cathode after completion of a formation cycle of the lithium-ion battery cell.

The present disclosure describes energy storage (e.g., electrochemical) devices with customized architectures. Such customized architectures include multilayered electrode films and/or multidimensional electrode films.

A method for manufacturing an all-solid lithium battery includes: providing a substrate; and forming M rows×N columns of lithium battery cells on the substrate, wherein each of the lithium battery cells includes a positive electrode current collector layer, a positive electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, a negative electrode layer, and a negative electrode current collector layer.

The present disclosure relates to chemical treatments for preparing metal electrodes, including ex-situ chemical treatments for preparing metal electrodes and to ex-situ chemically treated metal electrodes, which can be used in electrochemical cells. The present disclosure also relates to methods for forming a metal fluoride-based layer (e.g. a SEI fluoride layer) on a metal or an electrode thereof comprising an ex-situ chemical treatment of the metal or electrode thereof, and to electrochemical cells comprising the ex-situ chemically treated metal electrodes.

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of lithium battery material, and relates to a negative electrode material, a method therefor and use thereof, the method comprises the following step: conducting a lithiation treatment on a negative electrode raw material in a lithiation solution; the lithiation solution comprises Li- aromatic composition; wherein the aromatic composition comprises unsubstituted aromatic compounds and substituted aromatic compounds; or the aromatic composition comprises at least two substituted aromatic compounds. The negative electrode material, method therefor and use thereof provided by the present disclosure can improve the depth and efficiency of lithium intercalation, reduce the loss of the irreversible capacity and improve the capacity of batteries.

A method and apparatus for fabricating electrodes used in energy storage devices are provided. In some implementations a surface of the electrode is activated for (a) a pre-treatment process to remove loosely held particles from the electrode surface; (b) a pre-treatment process to activate the surface of the electrode material for improved bonding or wetting for subsequently deposited materials; (c) a post-treatment of the pre-lithiation layer to improve subsequent bonding with additionally deposited layer, for example, passivation layers; and/or (d) a post-treatment of the pre-lithiation layer to improve/accelerate absorption of the lithium into the underlying electrode material.

A method for producing a silicon anode for secondary batteries. Mesoporous silicon is used for the anode to provide space for volume expansion in the course of intercalation, especially of lithium ions. However, instead of coating a metal film with silicon, here metal is deposited onto a monocrystalline etched silicon wafer. It is essential that the silicon is monocrystalline and that the two flat sides of the wafer are (100)-oriented, i.e., perpendicular to the (100)-direction of the volumetric crystal.

An electrode for a lithium-ion battery. The electrode has at least one porous silicon layer and a copper layer. There is also described a battery with such an electrode, a method for producing an electrode of this kind, and the use of an electrode of this kind in a battery.