To provide a titanium-based porous body that has high void fraction to ensure gas permeability and water permeability for practical use as an electrode and a filter, has a large specific surface area to ensure conductivity and sufficient reaction sites with a reaction solution or a reaction gas, thus showing excellent reaction efficiency, and contains less contaminants because of no organic substance used. A titanium-based porous body having a specific void fraction and a high specific surface area is obtained by filling an irregular-shaped titanium powder having an average particle size of 10 to 50 μm in a dry system without using any binder or the like into a thickness of 4.0×10.sup.−1 to 1.6 mm, and sintering the irregular-shaped titanium powder at 800 to 1100° C.

A storage element for a solid electrolyte battery is provided, having a main member of a porous ceramic matrix in which particles, that are made of a metal and/or a metal oxide and jointly form a redox couple, are embedded, the particles having a lamellar shape.

Anode and cathode electrodes of a rechargeable lithium-ion battery are manufactured using metal foam. This lithium-ion battery with the metal-foam electrodes can have pores coated or filled, or both, with high-capacity active materials for greater energy density, better safety, improved power, and longer cycle life. Aluminum (or nickel) and copper metal-foam electrodes are manufactured using space-holder and freeze-casting methods. An anode can be filled with a graphite or silicon slurry, or a combination. A cathode can be filled with a lithium cobalt oxide (or other higher-capacity active materials) slurry. The relatively thick metal-foam electrodes are attached to the cell, separated by a separator, and wetted by an electrolyte, forming a high-capacity secondary battery. The battery will have higher density, improved power, and good cycle life.

Provided is a secondary lithium battery including: a positive electrode plate that is a sintered lithium complex oxide plate; a negative electrode containing carbon and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR); and an electrolytic solution containing lithium borofluoride (LiBF.sub.4) in a non-aqueous solvent composed of γ-butyrolactone (GBL), or composed of ethylene carbonate (EC) and γ-butyrolactone (GBL).

This application provides a battery current collector and a preparation method thereof, a secondary battery, a battery module, a battery pack, and an electric apparatus. The battery current collector includes a foam metal layer (1) and a strength enhancement layer (2), where the strength enhancement layer (2) is a sheet-shaped metal layer, and the strength enhancement layer (2) and the foam metal layer (1) are stacked and metallurgically bonded, alleviating a problem of poor mechanical performance of current collectors in the related art. The strength enhancement layer (2) and the foam metal layer (1) are connected by metallurgical bonding, which helps ensure not only structural strength of the strength enhancement layer (2) and the foam metal layer (1), but also good conductivity between the strength enhancement layer (2) and the foam metal layer (1). Further, the manner of metallurgical bonding helps reduce production costs.

To provide a titanium-based porous body that has high void fraction to ensure gas permeability and water permeability for practical use as an electrode and a filter, has a large specific surface area to ensure conductivity and sufficient reaction sites with a reaction solution or a reaction gas, thus showing excellent reaction efficiency, and contains less contaminants because of no organic substance used. A titanium-based porous body having a specific void fraction and a high specific surface area is obtained by filling an irregular-shaped titanium powder having an average particle size of 10 to 50 m in a dry system without using any binder or the like into a thickness of 4.010.sup.1 to 1.6 mm, and sintering the irregular-shaped titanium powder at 800 to 1100 C.

Provided is a secondary lithium battery including: a positive electrode plate that is a sintered lithium complex oxide plate; a negative electrode containing carbon and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR); and an electrolytic solution containing lithium borofluoride (LiBF.sub.4) in a non-aqueous solvent composed of -butyrolactone (GBL), or composed of ethylene carbonate (EC) and -butyrolactone (GBL).

A method for producing a porous metallic structure comprising a metal element from a metal salt comprising a cation part and an anion part, comprising the steps of: providing a volume of metal salt; exposing the volume of metal salt in an atmosphere comprising a reduction gas at a temperature below a melting temperature of the metal element, leading to converting the volume of metal salt into the porous metallic structure by removing the anion part using the reduction gas; wherein the porous metallic structure has a pore size between 1 nanometer and 50 micrometer, and a ligament size between 1 nanometer and 50 micrometer; wherein the ligament size is controlled by the temperature during the exposing.

A positive electrode for lithium ion secondary batteries includes a current collector including a sheet-shaped conductive substrate and a coating layer disposed on one or both sides of the conductive substrate, and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on the coating layer, wherein the coating layer includes a powdery conductive material and a first binder, the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material, a conductive auxiliary and a second binder, the void content in the positive electrode active material layer is 43 to 64%, and the difference represented by (Ra1Ra2) is 0.10 to 0.40 m wherein Ra1 is the surface roughness of the coating layer and Ra2 is the surface roughness of the surface of the conductive substrate covered by the coating layer.

The present application relates to a method of manufacturing an anode supporter of a solid oxide fuel cell and an anode supporter of a solid oxide fuel cell, and may improve performance and durability of the fuel cell by improving an interfacial property between the anode supporter and an electrolyte.