Provided are a lithium plating detection method, a battery management method and apparatus for safety diagnosis using the lithium plating detection method. The lithium plating detection method according to the present disclosure includes detecting, accumulating and tracking each of an open circuit voltage (OCV) after fully charging and an OCV after fully discharging of a battery every charge/discharge cycle of the battery, and determining if lithium plating took place in the battery using a result of tracking the OCV after fully charging and the OCV after fully discharging, wherein a range satisfying a condition of the reduced OCV after fully charging and the reduced OCV after fully discharging in the tracking result is determined as a range in which lithium plating starts to take place.

A cylindrical secondary battery configured to have a structure to which an adhesion unit, including an adhesive material, a conductive material, and a gas-generating material, is provided. The adhesion unit is configured to couple a cap assembly, which functions as a positive electrode terminal of the cylindrical secondary battery, and a positive electrode tab of a jelly-roll type electrode assembly to each other.

A cylindrical secondary battery configured to have a structure to which an adhesion unit, including an adhesive material, a conductive material, and a gas-generating material, is provided. The adhesion unit is configured to couple a cap assembly, which functions as a positive electrode terminal of the cylindrical secondary battery, and a positive electrode tab of a jelly-roll type electrode assembly to each other.

An assemblage having a thermally insulating switch and a thermal insulator for constituting an electrical conductor passthrough through the thermal insulator. The thermal insulator insulates an inner space from an outer space, the assemblage having inner connector on the side of the inner space and outer connector on the side of the outer space, which are electrically conductively connectable by the switch. The assemblage has a control unit for controlling the thermally insulating switch, a current flowing through the switch is detectable by the control unit, the switch is controllable by the control unit in such a way that the switch is actuatable only in a substantially zero-current state, and the switch is disposed in the thermal insulator in such a way that thermal insulation between the inner connector and the outer connector is accomplished by way of the switch in the open state.

An object is to reduce the overall height and outside dimensions of a secondary battery. Another object is to prevent the secondary battery from being damaged by nut tightening torque. A secondary battery includes an electrode body (15), an outer can (11), a sealing plate (12), a pair of electrode terminals (13), and a short-circuit mechanism (20). The pair of electrode terminals (13) includes a first electrode terminal (13A) and a second electrode terminal (13B). The short-circuit mechanism (20) includes a conductive reversible plate (22) secured to the sealing plate (12), and a reversible plate receiver (25) disposed opposite the reversible plate (22). The reversible plate receiver (25) includes a first output terminal (31), and the first output terminal (31) is electrically insulated from the sealing plate (12). The first output terminal is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal, and is spaced from the first electrode terminal.

An electrical apparatus includes first and second battery interfaces disposed on a housing for electrically and mechanically connecting first and second battery packs in series. A controller is disposed within the housing and includes an apparatus microprocessor that receives first and second communication signals respectively outputted from respective microprocessors of the first and second battery packs. A first signal communication path communicates the first communication signal from the first battery pack microprocessor to the apparatus microprocessor by shifting a first voltage range of the first communication signal to a second voltage range that is suitable for inputting into the apparatus microprocessor. A second signal communication path communicates a third communication signal from the apparatus microprocessor to the first battery pack microprocessor by shifting the second voltage range of the third communication signal to a first voltage range that is suitable for inputting into the first battery pack microprocessor.

An electrical apparatus includes first and second battery interfaces disposed on a housing for electrically and mechanically connecting first and second battery packs in series. A controller is disposed within the housing and includes an apparatus microprocessor that receives first and second communication signals respectively outputted from respective microprocessors of the first and second battery packs. A first signal communication path communicates the first communication signal from the first battery pack microprocessor to the apparatus microprocessor by shifting a first voltage range of the first communication signal to a second voltage range that is suitable for inputting into the apparatus microprocessor. A second signal communication path communicates a third communication signal from the apparatus microprocessor to the first battery pack microprocessor by shifting the second voltage range of the third communication signal to a first voltage range that is suitable for inputting into the first battery pack microprocessor.

Systems and methods for storing energy for use by an electric vehicle are disclosed. Systems can include an electric vehicle battery pack including a rack configured to couple a plurality of independently removable battery strings to the vehicle, the battery strings configured to be selectively coupled in parallel to a vehicle power bus. The battery strings may include a housing, a plurality of electrochemical cells disposed within the housing, a circuit for electrically connecting the electrochemical cells, a positive high-voltage connector, a negative high-voltage connector, a switch within the housing, and a string control unit configured to control the switch. Each battery string can include a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet configured to couple with and sealingly uncouple from an external coolant supply conduit and an external coolant return conduit, and an auxiliary connector configured to couple with an external communications system and/or an external low-voltage power supply.

A terminal block includes a casing, a terminal portion and an SD switch. The casing is provided to an electrical device. The terminal portion is provided on the casing and has a terminal cover that is fitted to a base for accommodating terminals. The SD switch is provided to the casing, and has a female connector and a lever portion that is fitted to the female connector to mechanical connect and disconnect from the electrical device. The lever portion constitutes an interlocking portion that restricts a disengaging operation of the terminal cover, when the lever portion is fitted to the female connector.

A secondary battery includes a case that accommodates an electrode assembly including a plurality of first electrode plates coated with a first active material, a plurality of second electrode plates coated with a second active material, and a separator positioned between each of the first electrode plates and each of the second electrode plates; lead tabs connected to the first electrode plates and the second electrode plates, respectively, and protruding outside of the case; and a protection circuit board electrically connected to the lead tabs, wherein the protection circuit board includes a pad including a blank region and a cell seating region, the lead tabs are seated on the cell seating region, and the blank region is along an edge of the cell seating region.