A flow battery system includes a first tank including a hydrogen reactant, a second tank including a bromine electrolyte, and at least one cell including a first electrolyte side operably connected to the first tank and a second electrolyte side operably connected to the second tank. The battery system further includes a direct connection line directly connecting the first tank and the second tank and configured such that the hydrogen reactant passes between the first tank and the second tank.

The present invention relates to a method for producing lithium aluminum titanium phosphates of the general formula Li.sub.1+xTi.sub.2−xAl.sub.x(PO.sub.4).sub.3, wherein x is ≦0.4, a method for their production as well as their use as solid-state electrolytes in lithium ion accumulators.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for electrically coupling energy storage devices to an external load or power source. Examples of such coupling include connecting energy storage devices to an electric power grid using a power conversion system with suitable characteristics including, for example, active/real power and reactive power control capabilities, response time, current, voltage, phase, frequency, fault protection and/or information exchange protocols. The power conversion system can include an inverter.

A method for producing electrical energy in a munition includes; initiating a thermal battery contained within the munition to generate electrical energy; dumping the electrical energy generated by the thermal battery into an electrical energy storage device before the thermal battery becomes inactive; and using the stored electrical energy in the electrical energy storage device over a period of time. The initiation device can be an inertial igniter, the electrical energy storage device can be a capacitor and the thermal battery, initiation device and electrical energy storage device can be configured such that the initiation device and electrical energy storage device sandwich the thermal battery.

A method for producing electrical energy in a munition includes; initiating a thermal battery contained within the munition to generate electrical energy; dumping the electrical energy generated by the thermal battery into an electrical energy storage device before the thermal battery becomes inactive; and using the stored electrical energy in the electrical energy storage device over a period of time. The initiation device can be an inertial igniter, the electrical energy storage device can be a capacitor and the thermal battery, initiation device and electrical energy storage device can be configured such that the initiation device and electrical energy storage device sandwich the thermal battery.

An electrically conductive sheet material having a base body with fibers, at least part of the fibers having carbon fibers, optionally having channels extending through the base body, capable of providing an electrically conductive and flexible sheet material which has a low electrical resistance and which can be produced on a large scale in the most simple, cost-effective and reproducible manner possible.

The invention relates to a liquid cathode cell including: a calcium anode; an electrolyte containing a sulphurous or phosphorous oxidising solvent and at least one salt; and a cathode containing, as an active material, a compound that is identical to the aforementioned oxidising solvent. The invention is characterised in that the salt is a strontium salt which is present in a concentration of from 1.15 mol.Math.L.sup.1 to 3 mol.Math.L.sup.1.

Provided is an electrode for a sodium molten-salt battery in which degradation of the electrode can be suppressed even when charging and discharging are repeated, and which has excellent cycle characteristics. The electrode for a sodium molten-salt battery includes a current collector and an electrode mixture adhering to a surface of the current collector, in which the electrode mixture includes an electrode active material and a binder containing a polymer, and the polymer does not contain a fluorine atom. The polymer can include, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyamide resins and polyimide resins or at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, rubber-like polymers, and cellulose derivatives.