A carbon dioxide production system 10A includes: a fuel cell stack 16; a separation unit 20 that separates anode off-gas into a non-fuel gas including at least carbon dioxide and water and a regenerative fuel gas; a second heat exchanger 32 that separates water from the non-fuel gas; a water tank 42; and a carbon dioxide recovery tank 48 that recovers the carbon dioxide after the water has been separated.

The invention relates to a fuel cell stack having a variety of individual cells stacked up to form a stack, having at least one humidifier section integrated into the stack and arranged at one end of the individual cells as an electrochemical section. The invention is characterized in that a heat exchanger section is arranged on the side of the at least one humidifier section facing away from the electrochemical section, wherein flow plates for distributing fluids in at least three sections of the stack have the same external geometry.

A method for generating electric current comprises the method steps of providing an organic compound having at least one ether function, reacting the organic compound with water in a reaction chamber having an acidic environment to form an enriched hydrogen carrier medium, converting the enriched hydrogen carrier medium into electricity to form a depleted hydrogen carrier medium in a fuel cell, obtaining water, and providing electric current generated during said conversion into electricity.

A method for generating electric current comprises the method steps of providing an organic compound having at least one ether function, reacting the organic compound with water in a reaction chamber having an acidic environment to form an enriched hydrogen carrier medium, converting the enriched hydrogen carrier medium into electricity to form a depleted hydrogen carrier medium in a fuel cell, obtaining water, and providing electric current generated during said conversion into electricity.

A fuel cell system includes a membrane electrode assembly, an anode-side internal passage, a cathode-side internal passage, an oxygen supply section, and a control device. The oxygen supply section includes a gas circulation passage connected to one end side and the other end side of the cathode-side internal passage, an oxygen supply source connected to the gas circulation passage, and a gas circulation device configured to circulate and flow oxygen gas in any one of one direction and the other direction in the gas circulation passage. The control device switches a flow direction of the oxygen gas by the gas circulation device according to a distribution state of moisture on the cathode electrode of the membrane electrode assembly.

A fuel cell system includes a membrane electrode assembly, an anode-side internal passage, a cathode-side internal passage, an oxygen supply section, and a control device. The oxygen supply section includes a gas circulation passage connected to one end side and the other end side of the cathode-side internal passage, an oxygen supply source connected to the gas circulation passage, and a gas circulation device configured to circulate and flow oxygen gas in any one of one direction and the other direction in the gas circulation passage. The control device switches a flow direction of the oxygen gas by the gas circulation device according to a distribution state of moisture on the cathode electrode of the membrane electrode assembly.

A railway vehicle includes a car body having a shell frame surrounding an internal area suitable for accommodating passengers, and a power generator connected to an external side of the car body and including an outlet for discharging out a liquid produced during generation of electricity. A hydraulic system is in fluid communication with the outlet and receives at least part of the liquid produced during generation of electricity. The hydraulic system includes a first end portion connected to the outlet, a second end portion, spaced apart from the first end portion, for draining out from the hydraulic system the received liquid, and a third intermediate portion which is interconnected between the first and second end portions and is placed, at least partially, in the internal area of the car body, which is adapted to be heated before receiving passengers.

A system for humidifying a vehicle that is a fuel cell electric vehicle includes a fuel cell stack for producing electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, a water supply tank for storing water generated during electricity generation in the fuel cell stack, a HVAC apparatus for humidifying an interior of the vehicle using the water supplied from the water supply tank, a heater for generating steam by heating the water supplied from the water supply tank, and supplying the steam to the HVAC apparatus, and a controller that determines an operation mode of the system based on at least one of a vehicle state, a HVAC apparatus state, or an indoor temperature of the vehicle, and controls at least one of the HVAC apparatus or the heater based on the determined operation mode to control indoor humidification of the vehicle.

The invention relates to an anode sub-system (1) for a fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell (2), comprising a supply path (3) for supplying the fuel cell (2) with hydrogen and comprising a recirculation path (4) for recirculating a gas mixture which exits the fuel cell (2) and contains water and hydrogen, wherein a water separator (5) is arranged in the recirculation path (4), and the recirculation path (4) is connected to the supply path (3) downstream of the water separator (5) via a jet pump (7). According to the invention, the supply path (3) is connected to the water separator (5) at the deepest point of the supply path via a connection line (9). The invention additionally relates to a fuel cell system comprising such an anode sub-system (1).

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell includes an anode catalyst layer, a cathode catalyst layer, a proton exchange membrane separating the anode catalyst layer from the cathode catalyst layer, an oxygen inlet configured to supply oxygen to the cathode catalyst layer, and a hydrogen inlet separate from the oxygen inlet and configured to supply hydrogen to the anode catalyst layer. The fuel cell is operable to convert the hydrogen from the hydrogen inlet to hydrogen ions at the anode catalyst layer and to produce an H2O byproduct at the cathode catalyst layer where the oxygen reacts with the hydrogen ions. The fuel cell includes a water outlet for the H2O byproduct that is separate from the oxygen inlet.