A carbon dioxide production system 10A includes: a fuel cell stack 16; a separation unit 20 that separates anode off-gas into a non-fuel gas including at least carbon dioxide and water and a regenerative fuel gas; a second heat exchanger 32 that separates water from the non-fuel gas; a water tank 42; and a carbon dioxide recovery tank 48 that recovers the carbon dioxide after the water has been separated.

A carbon dioxide production system 10A includes: a fuel cell stack 16; a separation unit 20 that separates anode off-gas into a non-fuel gas including at least carbon dioxide and water and a regenerative fuel gas; a second heat exchanger 32 that separates water from the non-fuel gas; a water tank 42; and a carbon dioxide recovery tank 48 that recovers the carbon dioxide after the water has been separated.

A fuel cell system including: a first fuel cell performing power generation using a fuel gas; a separation membrane separating at least one of carbon dioxide or water vapor from an anode off gas discharged from the first fuel cell; a second fuel cell disposed in the downstream of the separation membrane and performing power generation using the anode off gas, the anode off gas having at least one of carbon dioxide or water vapor separated therefrom; and a distribution channel disposed on a permeation side of the separation membrane and distributing any of the following: a raw material gas serving as the fuel gas to be reformed and used for the power generation of the first fuel cell, a cathode gas including oxygen to be used for the power generation of the first fuel cell, an anode off gas discharged from the second fuel cell, a cathode off gas discharged from the first fuel cell and to be supplied to the second fuel cell, or a cathode off gas discharged from the second fuel cell, in which at least one of permeability coefficient ratio α1 of the separation membrane or permeability coefficient ratio α2 of the separation membrane is 30 or higher.

A fuel cell system including: a first fuel cell performing power generation using a fuel gas; a separation membrane separating at least one of carbon dioxide or water vapor from an anode off gas discharged from the first fuel cell; a second fuel cell disposed in the downstream of the separation membrane and performing power generation using the anode off gas, the anode off gas having at least one of carbon dioxide or water vapor separated therefrom; and a distribution channel disposed on a permeation side of the separation membrane and distributing any of the following: a raw material gas serving as the fuel gas to be reformed and used for the power generation of the first fuel cell, a cathode gas including oxygen to be used for the power generation of the first fuel cell, an anode off gas discharged from the second fuel cell, a cathode off gas discharged from the first fuel cell and to be supplied to the second fuel cell, or a cathode off gas discharged from the second fuel cell, in which at least one of permeability coefficient ratio α1 of the separation membrane or permeability coefficient ratio α2 of the separation membrane is 30 or higher.

A reaction device comprising: a first flow path to which a fuel gas is supplied; a second flow path to which a gas containing oxygen is supplied; a hydrogen permeable membrane that separates the first flow path and the second flow path and allows hydrogen contained in the fuel gas supplied to the first flow path to permeate toward the second flow path; and a catalyst that is provided in the second flow path and promotes oxidation reaction between the oxygen and hydrogen passing through the hydrogen permeable membrane, wherein the hydrogen permeable membrane comprises a barium zirconium oxide membrane.

A reaction device comprising: a first flow path to which a fuel gas is supplied; a second flow path to which a gas containing oxygen is supplied; a hydrogen permeable membrane that separates the first flow path and the second flow path and allows hydrogen contained in the fuel gas supplied to the first flow path to permeate toward the second flow path; and a catalyst that is provided in the second flow path and promotes oxidation reaction between the oxygen and hydrogen passing through the hydrogen permeable membrane, wherein the hydrogen permeable membrane comprises a barium zirconium oxide membrane.

Disclosed is a carbon dioxide utilization system capable of recharging and undergoing reactions. The system includes a cathode unit provided with a first aqueous solution accommodated in a first accommodation space, and a cathode at least a part of which is submerged in the first aqueous solution; an anode unit provided with an alkaline second aqueous solution accommodated in a second accommodation space, and a metal anode at least a part of which is submerged in the second aqueous solution; and a connection unit provided with a connection channel connecting the first and second accommodation spaces in open communication, and a porous ion transfer member, disposed in the connection channel, for blocking the movement of the first and second aqueous solutions but allowing the movement of ions.

A method of operating a fuel cell system includes the operating a fuel cell unit, the recovery at the outlet of the fuel cell unit of a carbon dioxide-rich anodic gas flow, the cooling of the anodic gas flow and the condensation of the water present in the anodic gas flow in order to form a dry anodic flow, the introduction of the dry anodic flow into a carbon dioxide capture unit in order to form a carbon dioxide gas flow and a carbon dioxide-depleted anodic flow, the recycling of at least portion of the carbon dioxide-depleted anodic flow into the fuel feed flow.

A system for generating electricity by pyrolyzing organic materials and feeding the pyrolysis fluid to a battery of fuel-cells. The system includes a pyrolysis reactor receiving organic materials and producing pyrolysis fluid. The fluid pyrolysis is then separated into a plurality of sub-mixtures, each provided via a respective separator output. A plurality of fuel-cell devices for generating electricity using different technologies are each coupled to a respective separator output. A controller controls the pyrolysis reactor, the separator device, and the plurality of fuel-cell devices according to a signal representing a demand for electric power, a signal representing cost of operating at least one of the pyrolysis reactor and the fuel-cell generator, and a signal representing minimum price of electric power.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack configured to generate electricity, an anode exhaust and a cathode exhaust, an anode tail gas oxidizer (ATO) configured to oxidize the anode exhaust using the cathode exhaust, and a low-temperature oxidizer (LTO) configured to catalyze oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) in the cathode exhaust output from the ATO.