The present disclosure relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane for medium and high temperature, a preparation method thereof and a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell including the same, more particularly to a technology of preparing a composite membrane including an inorganic phosphate nanofiber incorporated into a phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer membrane by adding an inorganic precursor capable of forming a nanofiber in a phosphoric acid solution when preparing phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole and using the same as a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane which is thermally stable even at high temperatures of 200-300° C. without degradation of phosphoric acid and has high ion conductivity.

The present disclosure relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane for medium and high temperature, a preparation method thereof and a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell including the same, more particularly to a technology of preparing a composite membrane including an inorganic phosphate nanofiber incorporated into a phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer membrane by adding an inorganic precursor capable of forming a nanofiber in a phosphoric acid solution when preparing phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole and using the same as a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane which is thermally stable even at high temperatures of 200-300° C. without degradation of phosphoric acid and has high ion conductivity.

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell that uses hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant is disclosed. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell includes an anode gas diffusion layer, an anode catalyst layer, a proton exchange membrane and a cathode catalyst layer arranged sequentially. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell further includes a single electrode plate, and does not include a cathode gas diffusion layer. A cell stack including the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is also disclosed, as well as a method for preparing the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

An ambient heat energy converter includes a first positive evaporating electrode which functions as the cathode, a membrane separator, a porous barrier membrane, and a second, negative condensing electrode which functions as the anode. Electrodes and are porous and facilitate hydrogen-oxygen reactions that electrolyze and reduce water respectively. Porous barrier membrane allows water and protons to pass through but prevents hygroscopic acid or base ions in condensing electrode from passing through, only water and protons can pass. During operation, membrane separator's high affinity for liquid water maintains a tension that pulls liquid water through porous barrier membrane from condensing electrode. Barrier membrane does not allow ions other than water that comprise the hygroscopic material in condensing electrode to pass through. Conversely, the hygroscopic nature of condensing electrode maintains water tension in the opposite direction. A housing surrounds the electrodes and creates a free flowing path.

A fuel cell system having a direct liquid fuel cell that uses a liquid containing a formic acid or an alcohol as a fuel includes: a fuel tank that stores the fuel to be supplied to the fuel cell; a fuel supply device that supplies the fuel in the fuel tank to the fuel cell; and a bubbling device that blows an inert gas into the fuel stored in the fuel tank.

A protonated dimeric ionic liquid that enhances and improves the performance of a fuel cell catalyst. The protonated dimeric ionic liquid comprises 9′9′-(butane-1, 4-diyl)bis(3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1-ium) 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate (HTBD) Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) employing the protonated dimeric ionic liquid are also disclosed.

A protonated dimeric ionic liquid that enhances and improves the performance of a fuel cell catalyst. The protonated dimeric ionic liquid comprises 9′9′-(butane-1, 4-diyl)bis(3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1-ium) 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate (HTBD) Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) employing the protonated dimeric ionic liquid are also disclosed.

An air-water concentration cell is provided as follows. A cathode electrode is formed of a first material for catalyzing an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). An anode electrode is formed of a second material for catalyzing an oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A proton conductive membrane is interposed between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. A fuel reservoir is interposed between the proton conductive membrane and the anode electrode. The fuel reservoir contains water. The water of the fuel reservoir is in contact with the anode electrode and the proton conductive membrane.

An air-water concentration cell is provided as follows. A cathode electrode is formed of a first material for catalyzing an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). An anode electrode is formed of a second material for catalyzing an oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A proton conductive membrane is interposed between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. A fuel reservoir is interposed between the proton conductive membrane and the anode electrode. The fuel reservoir contains water. The water of the fuel reservoir is in contact with the anode electrode and the proton conductive membrane.

An generator that uses on the heat of condensation of water vapor as an energy source to produce electrical power. A hygroscopic, membrane electrode assembly is configured having an ion conductive hygroscopic electrolyte sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. One electrode is in contact with the water and the other electrode being in contact with a water vapor source whereby an electrochemical potential differential is produced across an electrical load by the reaction potential of the hygroscopic electrolyte with water vapor relative to the electrolyte's reaction potential with the liquid water. Power is supplied to an external load connected between the electrodes with water vapor being electrolyzed at the electrode that is in contact with water vapor and liquid water being reduced at the electrode that is in contact with liquid water.