Provided is an electrolyte membrane including at least the following: an A-layer composed of an ion-conducting fluorinated polymer and a non-ion-conducting fluorinated polymer; and a B-layer composed of an ion-conducting hydrocarbon polymer, wherein the ion-conducting hydrocarbon polymer is dispersed in the A-layer. Provided is an electrolyte membrane having excellent oxidation resistance. In addition, provided is an electrolyte membrane for a redox-flow battery, in which the electrolyte membrane used as a barrier membrane for a redox-flow battery makes it possible to achieve high power efficiency and stable charge and discharge even in long-term use.

To provide a proton conductive material which has high proton conductivity even under no humidification and does not elute into water. A proton conductive material comprising a proton-source-polymer and a proton-channel-polymer, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of the proton-source-polymer and the proton-channel-polymer is a polymer containing an aromatic ring, and wherein at least a part of the polymer containing the aromatic ring has a stacked structure formed by n-n interactions, and a proton conductive material comprising a proton-source-crosslinked-polymer, wherein the proton-source-crosslinked-polymer is a polymer having a main skeleton which contains a proton source group and an aromatic ring, and a crosslinked structure which contains a proton channel, and wherein at least a part of the proton-source-crosslinked-polymer has a stacked structure formed by n-n interactions.

Described herein is a polymeric electrolyte membrane for a redox flow battery comprising (i) a polymer, (ii) a plurality of pendent groups comprising a sulfonic acid, and (iii) a plurality of pendent groups comprising a sulfonamide.

A lithium air battery includes: a lithium negative electrode; a positive electrode; and an ion conductive oxygen-blocking film which is disposed on the lithium negative electrode, wherein the ion conductive oxygen-blocking film includes a first polymer including a polyvinyl alcohol or a polyvinyl alcohol blend, and a lithium salt, and wherein the ion conductive oxygen-blocking film has an oxygen transmission rate of about 10 milliliters per square meter per day to about 10,000 milliliters per square meter per day. Also a method of manufacturing a lithium air battery is disclosed.

A lithium air battery includes: a lithium negative electrode; a positive electrode; and an ion conductive oxygen-blocking film which is disposed on the lithium negative electrode, wherein the ion conductive oxygen-blocking film includes a first polymer including a polyvinyl alcohol or a polyvinyl alcohol blend, and a lithium salt, and wherein the ion conductive oxygen-blocking film has an oxygen transmission rate of about 10 milliliters per square meter per day to about 10,000 milliliters per square meter per day. Also a method of manufacturing a lithium air battery is disclosed.

Disclosed are redox flow battery membranes, redox flow batteries incorporating the membranes, and methods of forming the membranes. The membranes include a polybenzimidazole gel membrane that is capable of incorporating a high liquid content without loss of structure that is formed according to a process that includes in situ hydrolysis of a polyphosphoric acid solvent. The membranes are imbibed with a redox flow battery supporting electrolyte such as sulfuric acid and can operate at very high ionic conductivities of about 100 mS/cm or greater. Redox flow batteries incorporating the PBI-based membranes can operate at high current densities of about 100 mA/cm.sup.2 or greater.

Disclosed are redox flow battery membranes, redox flow batteries incorporating the membranes, and methods of forming the membranes. The membranes include a polybenzimidazole gel membrane that is capable of incorporating a high liquid content without loss of structure that is formed according to a process that includes in situ hydrolysis of a polyphosphoric acid solvent. The membranes are imbibed with a redox flow battery supporting electrolyte such as sulfuric acid and can operate at very high ionic conductivities of about 100 mS/cm or greater. Redox flow batteries incorporating the PBI-based membranes can operate at high current densities of about 100 mA/cm.sup.2 or greater.

The present invention relates to a liquid composition comprising a polymer bearing —SO3H groups and a perfluoroelastomer, a method for manufacturing said liquid composition and an article manufactured by using said composition. Preferably, said article is a proton exchange membrane, which shows at the same time good mechanical resistance and electrochemical properties and is useful for example as separator in fuel cells.

The present invention relates to a liquid composition comprising a polymer bearing —SO3H groups and a perfluoroelastomer, a method for manufacturing said liquid composition and an article manufactured by using said composition. Preferably, said article is a proton exchange membrane, which shows at the same time good mechanical resistance and electrochemical properties and is useful for example as separator in fuel cells.

The present disclosure provides a flow battery comprising a flexible lithium ion conductive film having durability against a highly reductive non-aqueous electrolyte liquid. The flow battery according to the present disclosure comprises a first non-aqueous electrolyte liquid, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a lithium ion conductive film. The first non-aqueous electrolyte liquid contains lithium ions and further biphenyl, phenanthrene, stilbene, triphenylene, anthracene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, fluoranthene, o-terphenyl, m-terphenyl, or p-terphenyl. The lithium ion conductive film comprises a composite body. The composite body contains a lithium ion conductive polymer and polyvinylidene fluoride. The lithium ion conductive polymer includes an aromatic ring into which a lithium salt of an acidic group has been introduced. The lithium ion conductive polymer and the polyvinylidene fluoride have been mixed with each other homogeneously in the composite body.