A clad porous metal substrate for use in a metal-supported electrochemical cell, wherein a metal support layer of defined porosity is clad on top and bottom sides with a layer containing a metal and/or a metal oxide. A metal-supported electrochemical half-cell and a metal-supported electrochemical cell are also described.

A cell includes an element portion including a first electrode layer, a solid electrolyte layer that contains Zr and that is located above the first electrode layer, an intermediate layer that contains CeO.sub.2 containing a rare earth element other than Ce and that is located above the solid electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer located above the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer that contains Zr and Ce and that is located at at least a portion between the first intermediate layer and the solid electrolyte layer. In a plan view from the second electrode layer, the second intermediate layer located at an outer peripheral portion of the intermediate layer includes a portion with a thickness greater than the second intermediate layer overlapping a center of the second electrode layer. A cell stack device, a module, and a module housing device include a plurality of the cells.

Herein disclosed is a method of treating a component of a fuel cell, which includes the step of exposing the component of the fuel cell to a source of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The component comprises a first material. The EMR has a wavelength ranging from 10 to 1500 nm and the EMR has a minimum energy density of 0.1 Joule/cm2. Preferably, the treatment process has one or more of the following effects: heating, drying, curing, sintering, annealing, sealing, alloying, evaporating, restructuring, foaming. In an embodiment, the substrate is a component in a fuel cell. Such component comprises an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, a catalyst, a barrier layer, a interconnect, a reformer, or reformer catalyst. In an embodiment, the substrate is a layer in a fuel cell or a portion of a layer in a fuel cell or a combination of layers in a fuel cell or a combination of partial layers in a fuel cell.

A proton conductor of the present disclosure includes a compound represented by the chemical formula BaZr.sub.(1-x-y)Yb.sub.xSc.sub.yO.sub.3-δ. The chemical formula satisfies 0<x<0.5, 0 <y<0.5, (x+y)<0.5, and 0<δ<0.5.

A proton conductor of the present disclosure includes a compound represented by the chemical formula BaZr.sub.(1-x-y)Yb.sub.xSc.sub.yO.sub.3-δ. The chemical formula satisfies 0<x<0.5, 0 <y<0.5, (x+y)<0.5, and 0<δ<0.5.

Techniques for fabricating a solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) including sintering an electrolyte, printing a fuel-side electrode disposed on a fuel side of the electrolyte, printing an air-side electrode disposed on an air side of the electrolyte, first sintering a combination of the electrolyte, fuel-side electrode, and air-side electrode, printing a barrier layer an air side of the electrolyte, printing a functional layer on the barrier layer, printing a collector layer on the functional layer, and second sintering a combination of the electrolyte, fuel-side electrode, air-side electrode, barrier layer, functional layer, and collector layer.

Techniques for fabricating a solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) including sintering an electrolyte, printing a fuel-side electrode disposed on a fuel side of the electrolyte, printing an air-side electrode disposed on an air side of the electrolyte, first sintering a combination of the electrolyte, fuel-side electrode, and air-side electrode, printing a barrier layer an air side of the electrolyte, printing a functional layer on the barrier layer, printing a collector layer on the functional layer, and second sintering a combination of the electrolyte, fuel-side electrode, air-side electrode, barrier layer, functional layer, and collector layer.

A solid oxide electrochemical device comprises a solid electrolyte layer, the first surface and second surface having surface pores formed therein; a first composite electrolyte layer composed of metal and a solid electrolyte and having a first porosity; a second composite electrolyte layer composed of metal and the solid electrolyte and having the first porosity, the solid electrolyte layer sandwiched between the first composite electrolyte layer and the second composite electrolyte layer; a cathode on one of the first composite electrolyte layer and the second composite electrolyte layer; and an anode on another of the first composite electrolyte layer and the second composite electrolyte layer. The anode comprises an anode metal layer comprising pores; anode active material; and reforming catalyst, wherein the anode active material and the reforming catalyst line walls of the pores in the anode metal layer.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel battery cell of a high power generation output by increasing an area of an effective power generation region contributing to power generation while ensuring mechanical strength of the fuel battery cell. The fuel battery cell according to the present invention is provided with a first and a second insulating films between a support substrate and a first electrode. The support substrate has a first opening, the first insulating film has a second opening, and the second insulating film has a third opening. An opening area of the first opening is larger than that of the second opening, and an opening area of the third opening is larger than that of the second opening (see FIG. 2).

An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel battery cell of a high power generation output by increasing an area of an effective power generation region contributing to power generation while ensuring mechanical strength of the fuel battery cell. The fuel battery cell according to the present invention is provided with a first and a second insulating films between a support substrate and a first electrode. The support substrate has a first opening, the first insulating film has a second opening, and the second insulating film has a third opening. An opening area of the first opening is larger than that of the second opening, and an opening area of the third opening is larger than that of the second opening (see FIG. 2).