Methods and apparatus for a frequency selective limiter (FSL) having a magnetic material substrate that tapers in thickness and supports a transmission line that has segments and bends. The segments, which differ in width and are substantially parallel to each other, such that each segment traverses the substrate on a constant thickness of the substrate.

The present disclosure relates to antenna devices and arrays of antenna devices. One example antenna device includes a first radiator configured to radiate a first electromagnetic signal, a second radiator configured to radiate a second electromagnetic signal, and a joint feeding network including a first 180-degree coupler and a second 180-degree coupler arranged in sequence. The first 180-degree coupler receives first input signal and second input signal, and the second 180-degree coupler provides first output signal to the first radiator and second output signal to the second radiator. In the joint feeding network, a first path connects the first 180-degree coupler to the second 180-degree coupler including a first phase shifter. A second path connects the first 180-degree coupler to the second 180-degree coupler including a second phase shifter and an attenuator.

The present disclosure relates to antenna devices and arrays of antenna devices. One example antenna device includes a first radiator configured to radiate a first electromagnetic signal, a second radiator configured to radiate a second electromagnetic signal, and a joint feeding network including a first 180-degree coupler and a second 180-degree coupler arranged in sequence. The first 180-degree coupler receives first input signal and second input signal, and the second 180-degree coupler provides first output signal to the first radiator and second output signal to the second radiator. In the joint feeding network, a first path connects the first 180-degree coupler to the second 180-degree coupler including a first phase shifter. A second path connects the first 180-degree coupler to the second 180-degree coupler including a second phase shifter and an attenuator.

An attenuator includes: a first transmission line connected between a first terminal and a first node; a second transmission line connected between the first node and a second terminal; a first resistor connected between the first terminal and a ground node; a second resistor connected between the second terminal and the ground node; and a third resistor connected between the first node and the ground node, wherein the first and second resistors each have a resistance that is higher than a resistance of the third resistor.

An attenuator includes: a first transmission line connected between a first terminal and a first node; a second transmission line connected between the first node and a second terminal; a first resistor connected between the first terminal and a ground node; a second resistor connected between the second terminal and the ground node; and a third resistor connected between the first node and the ground node, wherein the first and second resistors each have a resistance that is higher than a resistance of the third resistor.

A high-frequency coaxial attenuator includes a first coaxial cable portion that includes a first center conductor having a first length, and a first insulator of the first length formed around the first center conductor, wherein the first center conductor and the first insulator form a first diameter. A second coaxial cable portion is separated from the first coaxial cable portion by a gap. The second coaxial cable portion includes a second center conductor having a second length, and a second insulator of the second length formed around the second center conductor. A semiconductor material is deposited in the gap between the first coaxial cable portion and the second coaxial cable portion. The semiconductor material may be configured to provide an impedance of 500Ω and provides 20 dB of attenuation, and a 10:1 voltage divider based on a 50Ω input impedance of test equipment.

According to an embodiment, a high frequency integrated circuit includes a signal splitter, an attenuator, a first conductive element, and first to eighth switches. The signal splitter receives a high frequency signal at an input terminal, splits the high frequency signal to two lines, and outputs the signals split into the two lines from a first output terminal and a second output terminal. The attenuator has multiple amounts of attenuation values. In the first conductive element, a first amount of attenuation is set. The high frequency integrated circuit outputs a plurality of output signals having different gain values from the first high frequency output terminal and the second high frequency output terminal, respectively.

An attenuator is configured to attenuate and phase-shift a radiofrequency signal according to a control signal, having a plurality of first attenuation cells (A.sub.1, A.sub.N−1), configured to attenuate said radiofrequency signal by a predetermined value and activated according to a particular bit of the control signal, and implementing a combinatorial logic on the bits of the control signal that are used to control the first attenuation cells, and at least one second attenuation cell (B.sub.1, B.sub.M) configured to attenuate said radiofrequency signal by a predetermined value and activated according to a particular output implementing the combinatorial logic. A control node is also provided for an array antenna having such an attenuator, and an array antenna having an array of such control node and a satellite.

An attenuator is configured to attenuate and phase-shift a radiofrequency signal according to a control signal, having a plurality of first attenuation cells (A.sub.1, A.sub.N−1), configured to attenuate said radiofrequency signal by a predetermined value and activated according to a particular bit of the control signal, and implementing a combinatorial logic on the bits of the control signal that are used to control the first attenuation cells, and at least one second attenuation cell (B.sub.1, B.sub.M) configured to attenuate said radiofrequency signal by a predetermined value and activated according to a particular output implementing the combinatorial logic. A control node is also provided for an array antenna having such an attenuator, and an array antenna having an array of such control node and a satellite.

A waveguide based variable attenuator device including one or more attenuators each including a porous dielectric material; and a metal coating on the top of the dielectric material; and an actuator coupled to the attenuator. The actuator is configured to position, with nanometer resolution, the one or more attenuators in a waveguide configured and dimensioned to guide an electromagnetic wave having a frequency in a range of 100 gigahertz (GHz) to 1 terahertz (THz). The actuator controls at least one of a position or a volume of the one attenuator inserted in the waveguide to achieve a variable or pre-determined attenuation of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through waveguide.