Methods and systems for shaping an electromagnetic wavefront are disclosed. A disclosed method includes tuning a tunable surface in an electromagnetic cavity and receiving the electromagnetic wavefront in the electromagnetic cavity. The electromagnetic wavefront includes a first wave defined by a first wavelength and a second wave defined by a second wavelength. The first wave and the second wave have a shared phase and a shared beam direction in the electromagnetic wavefront. The method further includes reflecting the electromagnetic wavefront within the cavity to repeatedly interact with the tunable surface, and transmitting, after reflecting the electromagnetic wavefront within the cavity, the electromagnetic wavefront from the electromagnetic cavity as a shaped electromagnetic wavefront. The first wave and the second wave have at least one of a difference in phase or a difference in beam direction in the shaped electromagnetic wavefront.

A phase shift element includes an antenna, a first dielectric layer, a ground plane mounted to a first surface of the first dielectric layer, a reflecting circuit, and a single antenna-reflector line connected between the antenna and the reflecting circuit through the ground plane and the first dielectric layer. The antenna-reflector line is formed of a conducting material. The reflecting circuit is mounted to a second surface of the first dielectric layer. The first surface is opposite the second surface. The reflecting circuit is configured to reflect a signal received on the single antenna-reflector line from the antenna back to the antenna on the single antenna-reflector line. The reflecting circuit is further configured to be switchable between two different impedance levels that each provide a different phase shift when the signal is reflected by the reflecting circuit.

In some example embodiments, there may be provided an apparatus. The apparatus may include a surface including at least one electro-magnetic reflective element programmed to provide a plurality of reflected signals, such that the plurality of reflected signals constructively adds at a location of a receiver of the plurality of reflected signals. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also described.

A multibeam antenna comprises a direct radiating array (DRA) comprising a plurality of radiating elements, a reflector facing the DRA so as to reflect a field generated by the DRA, and a DRA controller configured to control the plurality of radiating elements of the DRA according to a plurality of coefficients, such that the field generated at the DRA produces a plurality of beams when reflected by the reflector. The DRA controller is configured to determine the plurality of coefficients by using a bifocal antenna model to determine a field that would be produced by a subreflector and feed horn arrangement in an equivalent bifocal antenna configured to produce the plurality of beams, and determining the plurality of coefficients required to produce a similar incident field at the surface of the reflector. A method of controlling the multibeam antenna, and corresponding computer program instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, are also disclosed.

A detection device (DD) is fitted in a system (S) comprising a closed space (EF) with a metallic environment and comprising objects (O) provided with wave-transmitting/receiving identification elements. Said device (DD) comprises an identification reader (LI) which exchanges messages with the identification elements (EI) via a wave-transmitting/receiving antenna (AER), which reader is installed inside the closed space (EF), in order to detect the presence of said waves, and a metasurface (MS1) installed inside the closed space (EF) and configured so as to reflect, according to a first chosen law, waves which originate from the antenna (AER) and are intended for the identification elements (EI) and, according to a second chosen law, waves which originate from the identification elements (EI) and are intended for the antenna (AER).

A hybrid radiating element may comprise a dielectric substrate having a thickness, a top surface and a bottom surface, and an electrically conductive patch disposed on the top surface of the dielectric substrate. The hybrid radiating element may further comprise a graphene stub disposed on the top surface of the dielectric substrate. The graphene stub may be contiguous with, and electrically coupled to, the electrically conductive patch. The hybrid radiating element may further comprise an electrically conductive layer disposed on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate. An array of hybrid radiating elements may be arranged in a grid pattern of M rows and N columns. A codebook set of biasing voltages may be arranged to drive the radiating elements in the array as a phase transformation matrix, thereby manipulating the reflection of an incoming electromagnetic wave.

Provided is a reflective intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) flexible board, which includes: a flexible film; and a plurality of unit cells formed on the flexible film, in which each of the plurality of unit cells includes an IC for adjusting a reflection phase, a line pattern for driving the IC, and first and second antenna patterns formed symmetrically to each other based on the IC or the line pattern.

Provided is an electromagnetic wave reflectarray, including a first substrate, a second substrate, first wires and second wires respectively arranged on the first substrate and the second substrate along a first direction and a second direction, antenna electrodes and tuning electrodes respectively arranged into first electrode strings and second electrode strings electrically connected to the first wires and the second wires on the first substrate and the second substrate along the first direction, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The tuning electrodes completely cover the orthographic projections of the antenna electrodes on the second substrate.

An electronic device that communicates a packet or a frame is described. This electronic device includes: at least an antenna having an antenna radiation pattern; an interface circuit; and an antenna cover that includes an integrated static lens, where the antenna cover is selected from a set of antenna covers that includes different integrated static lenses. During operation, the interface circuit may transmit, from the antenna, wireless signals corresponding to the packet or the frame, where the integrated static lens modifies the antenna radiation pattern of the antenna. For example, the integrated static lens may cause the wireless signals to converge or diverge. Alternatively, the integrated static lens may change an angular elevation of the antenna radiation pattern and/or may provide a correction for pathloss as a function of angle. Note that the integrated static lens may be a stepwise approximation to a predefined function.

A body part for a motorized land vehicle is provided. The body part includes at least one wall made of a plastic material and including at least one housing forming a cavity for electromagnetic waves, said housing includes: at least one transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving an electromagnetic wave in said housing; at least one adaptable surface capable of reflecting the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transceiver in a given direction (in a controlled manner) and, conversely, capable of reflecting the electromagnetic wave coming from the exterior of the housing toward the transceiver.