A laser device may include: a master oscillator including a first laser chamber, a first pair of discharge electrodes provided in the first laser chamber, and an optical resonator, the master oscillator being configured to output a laser beam; a first amplifier including a second laser chamber provided in an optical path of the laser beam outputted from the master oscillator and a second pair of discharge electrodes provided in the second laser chamber at a first gap distance, the first amplifier being configured to amplify the laser beam; and a first beam-adjusting optical system provided in an optical path of the laser beam between the master oscillator and the first amplifier, the first beam-adjusting optical system being configured to adjust the laser beam outputted from the master oscillator such that a beam width of the laser beam entering the first amplifier measured in a direction of electric discharge between the second pair of discharge electrodes is substantially equal to the first gap distance between the second pair of discharge electrodes.

A laser device may include: a master oscillator including a first laser chamber, a first pair of discharge electrodes provided in the first laser chamber, and an optical resonator, the master oscillator being configured to output a laser beam; a first amplifier including a second laser chamber provided in an optical path of the laser beam outputted from the master oscillator and a second pair of discharge electrodes provided in the second laser chamber at a first gap distance, the first amplifier being configured to amplify the laser beam; and a first beam-adjusting optical system provided in an optical path of the laser beam between the master oscillator and the first amplifier, the first beam-adjusting optical system being configured to adjust the laser beam outputted from the master oscillator such that a beam width of the laser beam entering the first amplifier measured in a direction of electric discharge between the second pair of discharge electrodes is substantially equal to the first gap distance between the second pair of discharge electrodes.

The disclosure discloses an optical path system for detecting a vacuum degree of a vacuum switch and a method thereof. In the optical path system, a plasma excitation unit excites pulsed laser along an excitation optical path to bombard a shielding case of a vacuum switch to be detected, so as to generate laser plasma; an optical path focusing unit focuses the excitation optical path and a collection optical path to focus the pulsed laser on the shielding case of the vacuum switch to be detected; the optical path focusing unit includes a visible laser device for generating visible light and an adjustment device for adjusting the excitation optical path; an image collection unit collects a laser plasma image and a visible light spot focusing image; the image collection unit includes a gated detector for collecting the visible light spot image and the laser plasma image via the collection optical path; a vacuum degree detection unit is connected with the image collection unit to process the laser plasma image and extract characteristic parameters; and the vacuum degree detection unit includes a processing module for obtaining, according to a relation between the characteristic parameters and a vacuum degree, the vacuum degree of the vacuum switch to be detected.

image collection unit collects a laser plasma image and a visible light spot focusing image; the image collection unit includes a gated detector for collecting the visible light spot image and the laser plasma image via the collection optical path.

A rectangular electrical pulse enters a transmission line structure with single pass transit time equal to ½ the duration of the pulse, open circuit at the extreme end and a switch at its center. After a delay equal to ¾ of the rectangular pulse duration the central switch is closed to couple the contents of the transmission line structure into another transmission line of half impedance. The output pulse maintains the initial voltage, but is of half the initial duration, and double the initial power.

There may be provided a laser unit including a display configured to display one or both of electric power consumed by the laser unit and electric energy consumed by the laser unit.

A laser oscillation device can prevent a laser medium-circulating pipe from expanding. The laser oscillation device includes a resonator part, which has an introduction port, through which a laser medium is introduced, and a discharge port, from which the laser medium is discharged, and which generates a laser beam, a laser medium-circulating pipe having one end connected to the introduction port, and the other end connected to the discharge port, a blower arranged in the laser medium-circulating pipe, to circulate the laser medium so that the laser medium is introduced from the introduction port to the resonator part, and the laser medium introduced to the resonator part is discharged from the discharge port, and a heat-insulating mechanism which is provided in the laser medium-circulating pipe, to block heat conduction between the laser medium flowing through the laser medium-circulating pipe and the laser medium-circulating pipe.

A laser chamber for a discharge excited gas laser apparatus may include: a first discharge electrode disposed in the laser chamber; a second discharge electrode disposed to face the first discharge electrode in the laser chamber; a fan configured to flow laser gas between the first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode; a first insulating member disposed upstream and downstream of a laser gas flow from the first discharge electrode; a metallic damper member disposed upstream of the laser gas flow from the second discharge electrode; and a second insulating member disposed downstream of the laser gas flow from the second discharge electrode.

A dielectric electrode assembly, and a method of manufacture thereof, including: a dielectric tube having a cylindrical cross-section and a relative dielectric constant, ε.sub.2, the dielectric tube filled with a gas having a relative dielectric constant, ε.sub.1; a structural dielectric having a relative dielectric constant, ε.sub.3 surrounding the dielectric tube; metal electrodes on opposite sides of the structural dielectric, the metal electrodes having a flat cross-sectional geometry; and the structural dielectric made from a material selected such that the relative dielectric constants of the structural dielectric, the dielectric tube, and the gas are interrelated and a uniform electric field is generated within the dielectric tube when power is applied to the metal electrodes.

Apparatus for and method of controlling a laser system capable of generating bursts of pulses of laser radiation having multiple alternate wavelengths in which an element controlling the wavelength is pre-positioned between bursts to be between its position for generating one wavelength and its position for generating another wavelength. Also disclosed is a system that determines an optimal control waveform for the element to move between positions using quadratic programming, dynamic programing, inversion feed forward control, or iterative learning control. A data storage device such as a pre-populated lookup table or a field programmable gate array may be used to store at least one optimal control parameter for each of a plurality of repetition rates.

A light emitting unit includes a light emitting sealed body and a voltage application circuit. The light emitting sealed body includes a container to which laser light for maintaining plasma is incident and from which light from the plasma is emitted, a first electrode which includes a first discharge portion, and a second electrode which includes a second discharge portion. An end portion of the first discharge portion has a shape in which a thickness is thinned as it goes toward the second discharge portion and an end surface of the second discharge portion extends along a plane perpendicular to an extending direction of the first discharge portion. The voltage application circuit controls a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode by adjusting a voltage applied to at least the first electrode.