The present disclosure discloses a degassing-free underwater dissolved carbon dioxide detection device and a detection method. The degassing-free underwater dissolved carbon dioxide detection device includes a computer, which is used to provide the driving signal and controlling parameters for the power tuning unit; the computer is connected with a laser driving control module and the power tuning unit, respectively; the laser driving control module is connected with a laser; the laser is connected with a photo-isolator; the photo-isolator is connected with a thulium-doped fiber vertical-cavity laser system; the thulium-doped fiber vertical-cavity laser system is connected with a photoacoustic cell system through a fiber collimator; the photoacoustic cell system is connected with a pre-amplifier circuit and a lock-in amplifier in sequence, and the lock-in amplifier is connected with the computer.

The present invention provides a blue laser transmitter operating at the H-beta Fraunhofer line at 486.13 nm wavelength. The subject blue laser is based on pulsed lasing action in thulium doped into lutetium sesquioxide (Tm:Lu.sub.2O.sub.3). The laser wavelength is restricted by volume

Bragg grating to the vicinity of 1944 nm wavelength. The laser is operated with a q-switch to generate high-energy pulses within the nanosecond regime. The output at the 1944 nm wavelength is then frequency quadrupled in a single pass through non-linear crystals to a wavelength near the center of the H-beta Fraunhofer line. The operation at the 1944 nm wavelength in Tm:Lu.sub.2O.sub.3 is very efficient because this wavelength is located on a shoulder of a substantially broad emission peak at 1945 nm. In addition, at the 1944 nm wavelength, Tm:Lu.sub.2O.sub.3 has only a modest saturation fluence of about 15 J/cm.sup.2, which allows for efficient energy extraction.

An apparatus may include a diode-pumped solid-state laser oscillator configured to output a pulsed laser beam, a modulator configured to modify an energy and a temporal profile of the pulsed laser beam, and an amplifier configured to amplify an energy of the pulse laser beam. A modified and amplified beam to laser peen a target part may have an energy of about 5J to about 10 J, an average power (defined as energy (J) x frequency (Hz)) of from about 25 W to about 200 W, with a flattop beam uniformity of less than about 0.2. The diode-pumped solid-state oscillator may be configured to output a beam having both a single longitudinal mode and a single transverse mode, and to produce and output beams at a frequency of about 20 Hz.

A handheld LIBS device and method includes a laser assembly producing two pulsed single spatial mode output beams and a focusing optic which combines the two pulsed single spatial mode output beams at a focal point at a sample. The laser assembly includes a laser assembly housing with an output coupler window for the two pulsed single spatial mode output beams, a gain medium in the laser assembly housing between the output coupler window and an adjustable prism mount in the laser assembly housing holding a prism configured to establish two light paths through the gain medium, a source in the laser assembly housing providing pump energy to the gain medium, and a Q-switch positioned between the prism and the gain medium.

A handheld LIBS device and method includes a laser assembly producing two pulsed single spatial mode output beams and a focusing optic which combines the two pulsed single spatial mode output beams at a focal point at a sample. The laser assembly includes a laser assembly housing with an output coupler window for the two pulsed single spatial mode output beams, a gain medium in the laser assembly housing between the output coupler window and an adjustable prism mount in the laser assembly housing holding a prism configured to establish two light paths through the gain medium, a source in the laser assembly housing providing pump energy to the gain medium, and a Q-switch positioned between the prism and the gain medium.

A device for the generation of ultrashort pulses, wherein an oscillator is formed by: a first and a second non-overlapping transmission band-pass filter, which can serve as reflecting end element of the oscillator; optically transparent means with non-linear Kerr coefficient χ.sup.(3) different from zero configured to achieve a spectral broadening by self-phase modulation of the signal transiting through these means; an optical waveguide that produces a positive gain; a node configured to receive a trigger signal designed to activate the operation of the oscillator; a trigger signal generating device comprising: a laser source, for example a microchip, configured to generate a laser pulse, preferably with a minimum bandwidth, having a duration of hundreds of ps, up to the ns; a coupling system designed to introduce the pulse of the trigger laser into a waveguide made of an optically transparent material characterised by a non-linear Kerr coefficient χ.sup.(3) different from zero, which is configured to produce two distinct effects in order to spectrally broaden the pulse of the trigger laser, and precisely: a) self-phase modulation four-wave mixing; the output of the waveguide supplies the trigger signal to the node. The pulses produced by the oscillator typically have a duration of the order of the picosecond and are easily reduced to the Fourier limit of circa 100 femtoseconds by means of a dispersive device.

A laser is disclosed having a housing formed of a block of glass-ceramic. The block is machined (or otherwise formed) to define one or more channels that act as a waveguide in two dimensions for light within the laser resonator. The channels extend between cavities also formed within the block which retain optical components of the laser, e.g. one or more of the gain medium, cavity mirrors, intermediate reflectors etc. The positioning, shape and size of each cavity is bespoke for the optical component it holds in order that each optical component is retained in optical alignment rigidly against the sides of the cavity.

The present disclosure provides a method for aligning a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system. The method includes ramping up a pumping power input into a laser amplifier chain of the MOPA system until the pumping power input reaches an operational pumping power input level; adjusting a seed laser power output of a seed laser of the MOPA system until the seed laser power output is at a first level below an operational seed laser power output level; and performing a first optical alignment process to the MOPA system while the pumping power input is at the operational pumping power input level, the seed laser power output is at the first level, and the MOPA system reaches a steady operational thermal state.

A laser source for an ophthalmic surgical system includes a femtosecond seeder, an amplifier, a femtosecond pulse portion, a nanosecond pulse portion, and one or more switches. The femtosecond seeder generates femtosecond pulses. The amplifier amplifies laser pulses, which include the femtosecond pulses and nanosecond pulses. The amplifier amplifies the laser pulses by amplifying the femtosecond pulses and generating and amplifying the nanosecond pulses. The femtosecond pulse portion alters and outputs the femtosecond pulses, and the nanosecond pulse portion alters and outputs the nanosecond pulses. The switches receive the laser pulses from the amplifier, and direct the laser pulses to the femtosecond pulse portion or the nanosecond pulse portion. In other embodiments, the laser source includes a femtosecond seeder and a nanosecond seeder that generates the nanosecond pulses.

Some implementations described herein provide a laser device. The laser device includes a first portion of the laser device, at a proximal end of the laser device, that includes one or more optical devices, where the first portion is configured to emit first electromagnetic waves having a first wavelength. The laser device includes a second portion of the laser device, at a distal end of the laser device, that includes an optical crystal configured to receive the first electromagnetic waves and to emit second electromagnetic waves having a second wavelength based on reception of the first electromagnetic waves, where the optical crystal includes a thin film coating disposed on an end of the optical crystal, the thin film coating configured to: support emission of the second electromagnetic waves from the optical crystal, and support internal reflection of the first electromagnetic waves within the optical crystal.