A thermal management system for an enclosure containing electrical components includes a cooling unit for controlling temperature inside the enclosure and a controller for the cooling unit, the controller being configured so that it can receive a three-phase power input signal and distribute power and control connected components using the three-phase signal. The controller can protect the compressor in critical scenarios such as thermal overload and overcurrent. The controller can output various faults such as missing phase alarm, imbalance phase alarm, overcurrent alarm, thermal overload alarm, door open alarm, and temperature and pressure alarms. An auto phase sequence correction controls the phase relay, accepting 3 phase 480 VAC power input from facility power terminal, supplying 3 phase power to the compressor and motor impellers, 12V DC power to a display unit, and 24V DC power to a remote access control module.

Disclosed are electrical relay assemblies including a positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC) for reverse connection protection. In some embodiments, a relay assembly includes a relay socket receiving a relay, a power source connected to the relay socket, and a positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC) connected between the relay socket and the power source.

An electric motor control system includes a master control module, a drive module, and a monitoring module. The master control module is configured to output a low-voltage drive signal to the drive module, the drive module converts the low-voltage drive signal into a high-voltage drive signal and outputs the high-voltage drive signal to a power unit, and the power unit outputs, according to the high-voltage drive signal, a power supply drive signal provided by a high-voltage battery. The monitoring module is electrically connected with the master control module and the drive module, and is configured to acquire the low-voltage drive signal, and output a fault signal to the master control module when the low-voltage drive signal is abnormal, to control the master control module to stop outputting the low-voltage drive signal.

An electrical receptacle contains a plug outlet that has a pair of contacts for electrical connection to respective hot and neutral power lines. A controlled switch, such as a TRIAC, is connected in series relationship between the outlet contact and the hot power line. Sensors in the receptacle outputs signals to a processor having an output coupled to the control terminal of the controlled switch. The processor outputs an activation signal or a deactivation signal to the controlled switch in response to received sensor signals that are indicative of conditions relative to the first and second contacts.

Various embodiments relate to a protection circuit, comprising: a pad configured to input an external voltage from a connector; a first circuit branch connected to the pad and configured to receive a fast ramp-up over voltage at the pad; a second circuit branch connected to the pad and configured to receive a ramp-up over voltage at the pad; a third circuit branch connected to the pad and configured to output an over voltage detection signal when an over voltage is received at the pad, wherein the third circuit branch includes a voltage divider with a variable resistor with a variable voltage node and an enable switch; and a logic circuit including an enabling transistor configured to control the variable resistor and the enable switch.

An electronic system for a surgical instrument is disclosed. The electronic system comprises a main power supply circuit configured to supply electrical power to a primary circuit. A supplementary power supply circuit configured to supply electrical power to a secondary circuit. A short circuit protection circuit coupled between the main power supply circuit and the supplementary power supply circuit. The supplementary power supply circuit is configured to isolate itself from the main power supply circuit when the supplementary power supply circuit detects a short circuit condition at the secondary circuit. The supplementary power supply circuit is configured to rejoin the main power supply circuit and supply power to the secondary circuit, when the short circuit condition is remedied.

A power supply control device controls power supply by switching on or off a first semiconductor switch and a second semiconductor switch that are arranged on a current path. A first diode and a second diode are connected between a drain and a source of the first semiconductor switch and the second semiconductor switch, respectively. Cathodes of the first diode and the second diode are arranged downstream and upstream of the respective anode on the current path. If current flows through the current path even though a microcomputer has given an instruction to switch the first semiconductor switch and the second semiconductor switch off, a first drive circuit switches the first semiconductor switch on.

A trailer brake module includes a brake output driver configured to be connected to a power supply, a flyback diode, and a MOSFET arranged between the power supply and the flyback diode. The MOSFET is in series with the flyback diode.

In a power feeding control device, N-channel first FET and second FET are located in a current path for current flowing from a positive terminal to a negative terminal. The drain of the first FET is located downstream of the source. The drain of the second FET is located upstream of the source. The cathode of a first diode is connected to the negative terminal. A first drive circuit and a second drive circuit switch ON or OFF the first FET and the second FET by adjusting the gates of the first FET and the second FET, with respect to the cathode of the first diode.

The present invention discloses a switch on/off circuit for a battery management system, including a driving signal input terminal, a start-up driving signal output terminal, a power supply terminal, a power signal extraction circuit, a trigger circuit, and a switch. The driving signal input terminal is connected to the start-up driving signal output terminal by the switch. The power signal extraction circuit is connected to the power supply terminal, and is configured to output a control signal based on a power signal inputted from the power supply terminal. The trigger circuit is electrically connected to the power signal extraction circuit. The trigger circuit is configured to control the switch on or off according to a transition of the control signal. The switch on/off circuit for a battery management system provided in the present invention, by using the trigger circuit to receive the switch on/off signal outputted by the power signal extraction circuit, realizes the unified management of switch on and off signals. The switch on/off circuit is easy to expand and has high reusability.