A temperature monitoring device for protecting the winding of an electronically commutated electric motor from being heated over a specified limit temperature T.sub.G regardless of the rotational speed includes a phase current detection device for detecting the phase current I.sub.Winding for the motor windings, an overcurrent switch-off device for switching off the electric motor if a maximum permissible phase current I.sub.Shutdown is exceeded, and an overcurrent monitoring device, which is connected to the overcurrent switch-off device, in order to transmit to it a switch-off signal if the detected phase current I.sub.Winding exceeds the maximum permissible phase current I.sub.Shutdown ascertained by a detection and computing device, wherein an algorithm in which the measured ambient temperature T.sub.U is incorporated is used when ascertaining the maximum permissible phase current I.sub.Shutdown.

A temperature monitoring device for protecting the winding of an electronically commutated electric motor from being heated over a specified limit temperature T.sub.G regardless of the rotational speed includes a phase current detection device for detecting the phase current I.sub.Winding for the motor windings, an overcurrent switch-off device for switching off the electric motor if a maximum permissible phase current I.sub.Shutdown is exceeded, and an overcurrent monitoring device, which is connected to the overcurrent switch-off device, in order to transmit to it a switch-off signal if the detected phase current I.sub.Winding exceeds the maximum permissible phase current I.sub.Shutdown ascertained by a detection and computing device, wherein an algorithm in which the measured ambient temperature T.sub.U is incorporated is used when ascertaining the maximum permissible phase current I.sub.Shutdown.

An electric tool includes a drive structure, a motor, a driver circuit, and a controller. The controller is configured to output a first control signal to control the motor to drive the drive structure to operate in a first operation mode for a preset period of time in response to receiving a start instruction. After the preset period of time, the controller will output a second control signal to control the motor to drive the drive structure to operate in a second operation mode to a preset state. The first operation mode and the second operation mode are two opposite operation modes.

A protection device, for operating an electric machine at a converter, comprises a first and second conductor of a DC link, a switching device having a first and second switch, a link capacitor, a load resistor as a precharge and braking resistor, a semiconductor switch and an electrical fuse for protecting the load resistor. The electrical fuse and the first switch are connected in series to the first conductor and to a first resistor connection of the load resistor and to a first power connection of the semiconductor switch. The second switch is connected to the electrical conductor and to a first capacitor connection of the link capacitor and to a second resistor connection of the load resistor. The semiconductor switch is connected by a second power connection to the second conductor and the link capacitor is connected by a second capacitor connection to the second conductor.

A protection device, for operating an electric machine at a converter, comprises a first and second conductor of a DC link, a switching device having a first and second switch, a link capacitor, a load resistor as a precharge and braking resistor, a semiconductor switch and an electrical fuse for protecting the load resistor. The electrical fuse and the first switch are connected in series to the first conductor and to a first resistor connection of the load resistor and to a first power connection of the semiconductor switch. The second switch is connected to the electrical conductor and to a first capacitor connection of the link capacitor and to a second resistor connection of the load resistor. The semiconductor switch is connected by a second power connection to the second conductor and the link capacitor is connected by a second capacitor connection to the second conductor.

There is provided a diagnostic apparatus including: a data acquisition unit configured to acquire target data relating to a current value between a power conversion apparatus and a motor; a detection unit configured to detect a peak value in a time series waveform of the target data; a counting operation unit configured to use a frequency counting method to calculate an amplitude of the peak value and a frequency of occurrence of the amplitude; and a diagnostic unit configured to diagnose an abnormality of the motor based on the amplitude and the frequency of occurrence. The diagnostic unit diagnoses that the motor is abnormal when a statistic which is calculated from the amplitude and the frequency of occurrence of the amplitude does not satisfy a predetermined reference.

There is provided a diagnostic apparatus including: a data acquisition unit configured to acquire target data relating to a current value between a power conversion apparatus and a motor; a detection unit configured to detect a peak value in a time series waveform of the target data; a counting operation unit configured to use a frequency counting method to calculate an amplitude of the peak value and a frequency of occurrence of the amplitude; and a diagnostic unit configured to diagnose an abnormality of the motor based on the amplitude and the frequency of occurrence. The diagnostic unit diagnoses that the motor is abnormal when a statistic which is calculated from the amplitude and the frequency of occurrence of the amplitude does not satisfy a predetermined reference.

A low-voltage protection switch unit, such as a motor protection switch, includes: at least an external conductor line, from an external line supply terminal of the low-voltage protection switch unit to an external line load terminal of the low-voltage protection switch unit; a neutral conductor line, from a neutral conductor terminal of the low-voltage protection switch unit to a neutral conductor load terminal of the low-voltage protection switch unit; a mechanical bypass switch arranged in the external conductor line; a semiconductor circuit arrangement connected in parallel with the mechanical bypass switch; an electronic control unit for actuating the mechanical bypass switch and the semiconductor circuit arrangement in a specifiable manner; and a current measurement arrangement connected to the electronic control unit, the current measurement arrangement being arranged at least in the external conductor line. The electronic control unit switches the semiconductor circuit arrangement on/off in a specifiable clocked manner.

An open roof assembly for use in a vehicle roof of a vehicle comprises a moveably arranged closure member for selectively covering or at least partially exposing an opening in the vehicle roof, an electric motor operatively coupled to the closure member through a mechanical drive assembly for moving the closure member, an electric driving unit for providing a supply signal to the electric motor and a control unit operatively coupled to the electric driving unit for controlling operation of the electric motor. The electric driving unit comprises four switching devices in a bridged configuration and the control unit is configured to control a motion of the closure member by controlling operation of the switching devices, and to incur a safety stop during a motion of the closure member by an immediate reversal of a polarity of the supply signal.

A controller for controlling a motor of a closure and/or blind in a vehicle body is configured to determine a reference state signal comprising speed and/or current measurements, repeatedly estimate motor model parameters of the motor, determine an estimated state signal based on an input signal comprising measurements or estimates of a voltage, the estimated motor model parameters, the reference state signal and an error signal, the error signal representing a difference between the reference state signal and the estimated state signal, determine a disturbance observer signal from the error signal, compute a first derivative of the disturbance observer signal at a present moment, and reverse the motor upon determining that the first derivative of the disturbance observer signal exceeds a threshold.