A power converter apparatus includes a power module assembly including a power module and a cooler overlapping with the power module to allow the cooler to cover both sides of the power module, and a capacitor and a low voltage direct-current (DC)-DC converter (LDC) which are coupled in a state of pressing the power module assembly on both sides of the power module assembly.

A power converter apparatus includes a power module assembly including a power module and a cooler overlapping with the power module to allow the cooler to cover both sides of the power module, and a capacitor and a low voltage direct-current (DC)-DC converter (LDC) which are coupled in a state of pressing the power module assembly on both sides of the power module assembly.

A system includes a dry contact with a first pair of switchable electrodes, a wet contact with a second pair of switchable electrodes, an arc suppressor, and a controller circuit operatively coupled to the arc suppressor and the first and second pairs of switchable electrodes. The controller circuit is configured to detect a failure of the wet contact and determine a stick duration associated with the first pair of switchable electrodes. The stick duration is based on a duration between an instance when a coil of the dry contact is deactivated and an instance of separation of the first pair of switchable electrodes during deactivation of the coil. The controller circuit generates, in-situ and in real-time, health assessment for the first pair of switchable electrodes based on a comparison of the determined stick duration with an average stick duration associated with a window of observation.

A driving circuit providing a driving signal at a driving terminal to drive a power switch. The driving signal has a first driving period and a second driving period. Both the first driving period and the second driving period have a first driving time interval. The driving circuit has a first equivalent on resistor established during the first driving time interval and located between a first voltage node and the driving terminal. The first equivalent on resistor has a first equivalent on resistance during the first driving time interval of the first driving period and has a second equivalent on resistance during the first driving time interval of the second driving period. The first equivalent on resistance and the second equivalent on resistance are not equal.

A driving circuit providing a driving signal at a driving terminal to drive a power switch. The driving signal has a first driving period and a second driving period. Both the first driving period and the second driving period have a first driving time interval. The driving circuit has a first equivalent on resistor established during the first driving time interval and located between a first voltage node and the driving terminal. The first equivalent on resistor has a first equivalent on resistance during the first driving time interval of the first driving period and has a second equivalent on resistance during the first driving time interval of the second driving period. The first equivalent on resistance and the second equivalent on resistance are not equal.

A low EMI driver apparatus includes: a driver circuit configured to generate a driving signal according to a switch control signal, so as to drive at least one switch; and a driving strength control circuit configured to randomly control a driving strength of the driver circuit, thereby reducing an EMI generated when the at least one switch is driven according to the driving signal. In a specific form of the low EMI driver apparatus, the at least one switch includes plural switches, and the low EMI driver apparatus further includes: a dead time control circuit configured to randomly control a dead time between ON times of the plural switches, so as to reduce the EMI generated when the switches are driven according to the driving signal.

A low EMI driver apparatus includes: a driver circuit configured to generate a driving signal according to a switch control signal, so as to drive at least one switch; and a driving strength control circuit configured to randomly control a driving strength of the driver circuit, thereby reducing an EMI generated when the at least one switch is driven according to the driving signal. In a specific form of the low EMI driver apparatus, the at least one switch includes plural switches, and the low EMI driver apparatus further includes: a dead time control circuit configured to randomly control a dead time between ON times of the plural switches, so as to reduce the EMI generated when the switches are driven according to the driving signal.

A circuit with a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor and a diode module is applied to a power factor correction circuit, which can effectively reduce the heat generated by the whole system under heavy load, The circuit includes a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor and a diode module and a load determination unit. The diode module includes a plurality of diodes with a switch. The load determination unit can control the connection/disconnection of each diode in the diode module based on the magnitude of the load current. It can effectively reduce the current generated by each diode due to the load, thereby reducing the heat generation of the overall system. Moreover, due to the contact capacitance effect after the diodes are connected in parallel, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) characteristics of the power factor correction circuit of the system can be further optimized.

An AC/DC converter stage for a converter system with an input series structure. The AC/DC converter stage includes two input terminals for inputting an AC input voltage and at least a first circuit branch with at least two switches that are electrically connected in series at a first connection point, where a first input terminal of the two input terminals is electrically connected to the first connection point of the first circuit branch. At least one first electrical storage provides a DC output voltage and is electrically connected in parallel to the first circuit branch. At least one controllable bidirectional switch is electrically connected between the two input terminals.

A frequency lock loop for a constant switching frequency of DC-DC converter, wherein the frequency lock loop includes a modulation circuit to generate a modulation signal in response to an input signal of the DC-DC converter and a frequency signal. Wherein a timer of the DC-DC converter generates a timing signal in response to the input signal, and wherein the frequency signal is a function of the timing signal.