The disclosure relates to technology for shifting a frequency range of a signal. In one aspect, a circuit comprises a frequency mixer, a frequency synthesizer configured to generate an oscillator signal, a programmable driver, and a controller. The programmable driver is configured to receive the oscillator signal from the frequency synthesizer and to provide the oscillator signal to the oscillator input of the frequency mixer. The programmable driver is configured to have a variable drive strength. The controller is configured to control the drive strength of the programmable driver based on a frequency of the oscillator signal to adjust a rise time and a fall time of the oscillator signal at the oscillator input of the frequency mixer.

An integrated frequency quadruplet consists of a pair of balanced frequency doublers that are driven in phase quadrature using a hybrid coupler. This approach results, effectively, in a “unilateral” multiplier that presents a match to the input-driving source, irrespective of the impedance of the doubler stages. The present invention applies this architecture to implement an integrated frequency quadruplet with output frequency of 160 GHz using quasi-vertical GaAs varactors fabricated on thin silicon support membranes. The quadruplet has a balanced circuit architecture that addresses degradation issues often arising from impedance mis-matches between multiplier stages. A unique quasi-vertical diode process is used to implement the quadruplet, resulting in an integrated drop-in chip module that incorporates 18 varactors, matching networks and beamleads for mounting. The chip is tailored to fit a multiplier waveguide housing resulting in high reproducibility and consistency in manufacture and performance.

Aspects of this disclosure relate to a very low intermediate frequency (VLIF) receiver with multi-decade contiguous radio frequency (RF) band coverage. Non-quadrature local oscillator (LO) signals drive mixers. The non-quadrature signals can be generated from low noise digital dividers having non-traditional division ratios. The non-traditional division ratios can be prime number ratios such as 5 and 7. The systematic non-quadrature nature of the LO/mixer can be subsequently corrected by a deterministic I-Q coupling network prior to complex signal processing.

An I/Q signal generating apparatus and phase shift apparatus using the same are provided, the I/Q signal generating apparatus including: a first resonance circuit whose one end is connected to a first input terminal and whose other end is connected to a first output terminal; and a second resonance circuit whose one end is connected to the other end of the first resonance circuit or a second input terminal, and whose other end is connected to a second output terminal, wherein the first resonance circuit and the second resonance circuit each include a resistor, a capacitor connected in parallel with the resistor, and an inductor connected in a form of a cross between the resistor and the capacitor.

A mixer circuitry comprises a mixer, a local oscillator (LO) leakage detector, a digital LO leakage cancellation controller and a DAC arrangement. The mixer is configured to mix a first LO signal having an LO frequency f.sub.LO with an intermediate frequency (IF) signal and generate an output signal, i.e. a wanted signal. The LO leakage detector measures the LO leakage at the output of the mixer in the presence of the wanted signal. Then in the digital LO leakage cancellation controller, a digital algorithm is run that automatically adjusts the LO leakage in the mixer by steering the digital-to-analog converter arrangement such that the intermediate frequency input signal level to the mixer is adjusted.

A beam forming device includes a plurality of control circuits and a plurality of antenna elements. Each of the plurality of control circuits controls at least either phases or amplitudes of a plurality of input signals to generate a transmission signal. Each of the plurality of antenna elements outputs the transmission signal generated by a corresponding control circuit. A frequency range of the transmission signal generated by each of the control circuits is higher than frequency ranges of the input signals.

A receiver includes one or more mixers configured to sample an input analog signal at a plurality of discrete points in time to obtain a discrete-time sampled signal based on a local oscillating signal provided by a local oscillator; and a sample reordering circuit coupled to the one or more mixers and configured to reorder a sequence of samples received from the one or more mixers.

The disclosure relates to technology for shifting a frequency range of a signal. In one aspect, a circuit comprises a frequency mixer, a frequency synthesizer configured to generate an oscillator signal, a programmable driver, and a controller. The programmable driver is configured to receive the oscillator signal from the frequency synthesizer and to provide the oscillator signal to the oscillator input of the frequency mixer. The programmable driver is configured to have a variable drive strength. The controller is configured to control the drive strength of the programmable driver based on a frequency of the oscillator signal to adjust a rise time and a fall time of the oscillator signal at the oscillator input of the frequency mixer.

A mixer circuitry comprises a mixer, a local oscillator (LO) leakage detector, a digital LO leakage cancellation controller and a DAC arrangement. The mixer is configured to mix a first LO signal having an LO frequency f.sub.LO with an intermediate frequency (IF) signal and generate an output signal, i.e. a wanted signal. The LO leakage detector measures the LO leakage at the output of the mixer in the presence of the wanted signal. Then in the digital LO leakage cancellation controller, a digital algorithm is run that automatically adjusts the LO leakage in the mixer by steering the digital-to-analog converter arrangement such that the intermediate frequency input signal level to the mixer is adjusted.

A receiver includes one or more mixers configured to sample an input analog signal at a plurality of discrete points in time to obtain a discrete-time sampled signal based on a local oscillating signal provided by a local oscillator; and a sample reordering circuit coupled to the one or more mixers and configured to reorder a sequence of samples received from the one or more mixers.