A neck pillow includes: a cushion portion worn on a user's neck and an electro-liquid driving unit mounted into the cushion portion, being bent in a shape of an arc, and including ferroelectric particles, each having an electrorheological property, and nonconductive liquid. The electro-liquid driving unit generates vibration by contraction and expansion that are repeated when an arrangement of the ferroelectric particles and the nonconductive liquid is changed according to whether drive current is applied. A low voltage power supply unit supplies low voltage electricity necessary to drive the electro-liquid driving unit and a high voltage control circuit unit converts low voltage direct current into high voltage direct current and supplies the drive current to the electro-liquid driving unit and adjusting micro-current to generate target vibration in the electro-liquid driving unit.

Disclosed is a battery system comprising a solid-state relay assembly comprising a device-side driver circuitry having a device-side switching device, a battery-side driver circuitry having a battery-side switching device, a first recirculation driver circuitry, a first recirculation switching device, a second recirculation switching device, and a second recirculation driver circuitry.

A method for adjusting an optical switch keyboard and an optical switch keyboard using the adjusting method are provided. The optical switch keyboard has a number of key units. The method includes the following steps. A scan signal is applied to one of a number of scan lines by a control unit at a first scan time point. A light is emitted by a light source according to the scan signal. A light emitted by the light source is detected by a detecting element to generate a detecting electric signal. The detecting electric signal is read by the control unit to obtain a first read signal voltage. When the first read signal voltage is outside the voltage range of the pressed state of the key unit, the period of the scan signal is increased by a first predetermined amount by the control unit to obtain an adjusted scan signal.

A standby power system for a flyback converter is disclosed. The flyback converter includes a primary-side, a secondary-side, an output terminal at the secondary-side, and a secondary-side controller, where the output terminal is configured to electrically connect to a load. The standby power system comprises a comparator at the secondary-side, an opto-coupler in signal communication with the primary-side, the secondary-side, and the comparator, and a cable detach detector (or load detector). The cable detach detector is configured to determine whether a device is electrically connected to the flyback converter through a charging cable and to set the flyback converter into a standby mode if the deice is disconnected from the charging cable.

An object of the present disclosure is to accurately simulate the operation of a CSTBT. The simulation model of a CSTBT includes a MOSFET, a diode whose cathode is connected to the drain of the MOSFET, capacitance C.sub.GE connected between a source and a gate of the MOSFET, capacitance C.sub.CG connected between a gate of the MOSFET and an anode of the diode, capacitance C.sub.CE connected between a source of the MOSFET and the anode of the diode, capacitance C.sub.DG connected between the drain and the gate of the MOSFET, and a behavioral power source V.sub.DG connected in series to the capacitance C.sub.DG between the drain and the gate of the MOSFET. The behavioral power source V.sub.DG performs a switching operation when gate-emitter voltage V.sub.GE of the CSTBT reaches a predetermined threshold value.

Disclosed is a battery system comprising a solid-state relay assembly comprising a device-side driver circuitry having a device-side switching device, a battery-side driver circuitry having a battery-side switching device, a first recirculation driver circuitry, a first recirculation switching device, a second recirculation switching device, and a second recirculation driver circuitry.

A switching device includes an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) or MOSFET having a gate, an emitter, and a collector configured to allow current to pass between the emitter and the collector based on voltage applied to the gate. A stack of alternating layers of photo-sensitive p-n junction layers and insulating layers stacked on the gate for optical switching control of voltage through the IGBT or MOSFET.

A standby power system for a flyback converter is disclosed. The flyback converter includes a primary-side, a secondary-side, an output terminal at the secondary-side, and a secondary-side controller, where the output terminal is configured to electrically connect to a load. The standby power system comprises a comparator at the secondary-side, an opto-coupler in signal communication with the primary-side, the secondary-side, and the comparator, and a cable detach detector (or load detector). The cable detach detector is configured to determine whether a device is electrically connected to the flyback converter through a charging cable and to set the flyback converter into a standby mode if the deice is disconnected from the charging cable.

A device including an optoelectric circuit that is configured to provide galvanic isolation between a first circuit and a second circuit is disclosed. The optoelectric circuit includes at least one non-inverting buffer and a metal semiconductor diode. The at least one non-inverting buffer is positioned between a collector of a phototransistor and an anode of a light emitting diode. The metal semiconductor diode is positioned between the collector of the phototransistor and the at least one non-inverting buffer.

The present invention introduces an arrangement for enhancing the performance of an electronic circuit comprising a phototransistor (Q). Either a common-collector or a common-emitter connected phototransistor (Q) has a main resistor (R.sub.L), and at least one external bias resistors (R.sub.L2, R.sub.L3, R.sub.L4), each in parallel to one another. The microcontroller may directly control the voltage outputs or act via respective switches (S1, S2) regarding each respective resistor. When the electronic circuit with the phototransistor (Q) is switched on, at least one of the external bias resistors (R.sub.L2, R.sub.L3, R.sub.L4) are switched on. The voltage output rise time is short, and when the bias has been set, the external bias resistor(s) are disconnected functionally. This means that during the actual measurement with the electric circuit, only the main resistor (R.sub.L) is used in the connection.