Flexible catheters adapted to be inserted into a body to deliver high-voltage, fast (e.g., microsecond, sub-microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, etc.) electrical energy to target tissue may include a plurality of conductive layers, that may be coaxial. These catheters and method of using them to treat tissue are configured to reduce or avoid arcing.

Flexible catheters adapted to be inserted into a body to deliver high-voltage, fast (e.g., microsecond, sub-microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, etc.) electrical energy to target tissue may include a plurality of conductive layers, that may be coaxial. These catheters and method of using them to treat tissue are configured to reduce or avoid arcing.

The embodiments disclose a pulsed power generator system that can include a cantilever comprising a cantilever tip disposed on a lower surface of a first end and a permanent magnet mounted on an upper surface of the first end, wherein the cantilever is connected to an electric circuit at a second end, an electromagnet generating a time varying periodic magnetic flux, wherein the magnetic flux interacts with the permanent magnet to generate a direction-changing mechanical force that drives oscillation in the cantilever, a conducting pad, disposed adjacent to the bottom surface of the first end of the cantilever and configured so that the cantilever tip can contact the conducting pad. An oscillation of the cantilever causes the cantilever tip to periodically contact the conducting pad forming an electrical switch suitable for pulse generation through the electric circuit.

The embodiments disclose a pulsed power generator system that can include a cantilever comprising a cantilever tip disposed on a lower surface of a first end and a permanent magnet mounted on an upper surface of the first end, wherein the cantilever is connected to an electric circuit at a second end, an electromagnet generating a time varying periodic magnetic flux, wherein the magnetic flux interacts with the permanent magnet to generate a direction-changing mechanical force that drives oscillation in the cantilever, a conducting pad, disposed adjacent to the bottom surface of the first end of the cantilever and configured so that the cantilever tip can contact the conducting pad. An oscillation of the cantilever causes the cantilever tip to periodically contact the conducting pad forming an electrical switch suitable for pulse generation through the electric circuit.

The present disclosure provides a digital fingerprint generator and a digital fingerprint generation method. The digital fingerprint generator comprises: a control circuit, generating a control word; a first pulse generation circuit, connected to the control circuit, and outputting a first pulse signal in response to the control word; a second pulse generation circuit, connected to the control circuit and having the same structure as the first pulse generation circuit, and outputting a second pulse signal in response to the control word; the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal respectively comprising a first frequency signal and a second frequency signal, and a probabilities of occurrence of the first frequency signal and the second frequency signal being controlled by the control word; and an output circuit, respectively connected to the first pulse generation circuit and the second pulse generation circuit, and outputting a digital fingerprint on the basis of the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal according to a preset first rule.

According to an embodiment, a synapse circuit includes: a buffer that changes an output signal to a second logical value at a timing when an input signal exceeds a first threshold level, in a case where the output signal has a first logical value in a first mode, and changes the output signal to the second logical value at a timing when the input signal exceeds a reference level lower than the first threshold level, in a case where the output signal has the first logical value in a second mode; an adjusting unit that adjusts the first threshold level depending on a stored coefficient; and a mode switching unit that operates the buffer in the first mode during a period in which an acquired spike is not generated, and operates the buffer in the second mode during a period in which the spike is generated.

According to an embodiment, a synapse circuit includes: a buffer that changes an output signal to a second logical value at a timing when an input signal exceeds a first threshold level, in a case where the output signal has a first logical value in a first mode, and changes the output signal to the second logical value at a timing when the input signal exceeds a reference level lower than the first threshold level, in a case where the output signal has the first logical value in a second mode; an adjusting unit that adjusts the first threshold level depending on a stored coefficient; and a mode switching unit that operates the buffer in the first mode during a period in which an acquired spike is not generated, and operates the buffer in the second mode during a period in which the spike is generated.

A high-voltage waveform generator comprising a power source, a transformer unit comprising a magnetic core, attached to the power source, a plurality of power switch cards, each having an aperture that allows said magnetic core to pass therethrough, one or more control switches located on each power card, and a control means for actuating the control switches, a power output; wherein the power switch cards are connected in series, wherein each of the apertures in the power switch cards is surrounded by conductive windings, whereby when the power source is activated, the magnetic core induces a current in each of the conductive windings, and wherein the control means activates the control switches simultaneously in under 100 nanoseconds to generate a pulse.

A high-voltage waveform generator comprising a power source, a transformer unit comprising a magnetic core, attached to the power source, a plurality of power switch cards, each having an aperture that allows said magnetic core to pass therethrough, one or more control switches located on each power card, and a control means for actuating the control switches, a power output; wherein the power switch cards are connected in series, wherein each of the apertures in the power switch cards is surrounded by conductive windings, whereby when the power source is activated, the magnetic core induces a current in each of the conductive windings, and wherein the control means activates the control switches simultaneously in under 100 nanoseconds to generate a pulse.

A comb signal generator that includes at least two signal sources that each provide a signal, wherein the signals provided by the at least two signal sources are shaped similarly. The com signal generator also has a combining circuit connected with the at least two signal sources, wherein the combining circuit is configured to combine the signals provided by the at least two signal sources, thereby generating a combined signal. Further, the com signal generator includes a clipping circuit connected with the combining circuit, wherein the clipping circuit is configured to receive and process the combined signal, thereby generating a comb signal. Further, a method of providing a phase and amplitude reference is described.