A coding method for data communication is provided, and may be applied to a plurality of scenarios such as a metro network, a backbone network, and a data center interconnection. The method includes: forming a first codeword, where the first codeword includes n image bits and n to-be-transmitted bits, the n image bits are selected from to-be-transmitted bits in m source codewords, the source codeword is a codeword formed before the first codeword, both n and m are positive integers, and n>m; and sending the n to-be-transmitted bits in the first codeword. The bit in the first codeword is protected by a plurality of codewords generated at different moments, and a coding gain effect is better. In addition, the bit in the codeword is protected by different quantities of codewords.

A communication method includes obtaining a plurality of to-be-encoded symbols; determining, from a symbol matrix, a plurality of first symbols corresponding to the to-be-encoded symbols, where the symbol matrix includes a plurality of rows of symbols and a plurality of columns of symbols, symbols in the symbol matrix constitute a plurality of blocks, the blocks constitute a block matrix, and the first symbols include symbols in a plurality of first blocks in the block matrix, where the first blocks are grouped into at least one block group, a difference between row numbers of any two first blocks in any block group is not the same as a difference between row numbers of other two first blocks in the any block group; and performing check processing on the first symbols and the to-be-encoded symbols to generate checked symbols.

A transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus are provided. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder configured to generate a low density parity check (LDPC) codeword by performing LDPC encoding, an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword, and a modulator configured to modulate the interleaved LDPC codeword according to a modulation method to generate a modulation symbol. The interleaver performs interleaving by dividing the LDPC codeword into a plurality of groups, rearranging an order of the plurality of groups in group units, and dividing the plurality of rearranged groups based on a modulation order according to the modulation method.

A method for decoding data by an electronic device (100) is provided. The method includes receiving, by the electronic device (100), encoded data. The method includes determining, by the electronic device (100), a sparsity of a plurality of Machine Learning (ML) models (301, 302) of a turbo decoder (150) of the electronic device (100) for decoding the encoded data based on Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters. The method includes decoding, by the electronic device (100), the encoded data using the turbo decoder (150) based on the determined sparsity.

A transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus are provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low density parity check (LDPC) codeword by performing LDPC encoding; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to modulate the interleaved LDPC codeword according to a modulation method to generate a modulation symbol. The interleaver is formed of a plurality of columns each including a plurality of rows and includes a block interleaver configured to divide each of the plurality of columns into a first part and a second part and interleave the LDPC codeword, the number of rows constituting each column divided into the first part is determined differently depending upon the modulation method, wherein the number of rows constituting each column divided into the second part is determined depending upon the number of rows constituting each column divided into the first part.

A channel encoding method in a communication or broadcasting system is provided. The channel encoding method includes reading a first sequence corresponding to a parity check matrix, converting the first sequence to a second sequence by applying a certain rule to a block size corresponding to a parity check matrix and the first sequence, and encoding information bits based on the second sequence. The block size has at least two different integer values.

A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 64800 and a code rate of 3/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for 256-symbol mapping.

Embodiments provide a transfer method for wirelessly transferring data in a communication system (e.g. a sensor network or telemetry system). The data includes core data and extension data, wherein the core data is encoded and distributed in an interleaved manner to a plurality of core sub-data packets, wherein the extension data is encoded and distributed in an interleaved manner to a plurality of extension sub-data packets, wherein at least a part of the core data contained in the core sub-data packets is needed for receiving the extension data or extension data packets.

This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: encoding a to-be-transmitted first bit sequence to obtain a first matrix, where the first matrix includes a plurality of bit square matrices of a same size, and each bit square matrix includes a plurality of pieces of bit data; performing, based on a first mapping relationship, position transformation in a range of each bit square matrix on the bit data of each bit square matrix in the first matrix, to obtain a second matrix after the position transformation; and performing bit data position transformation among bit square matrices on the second matrix to obtain a third matrix, and modulating a to-be-sent first symbol sequence based on the third matrix.

A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 16200 and a code rate of 2/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for 256-symbol mapping.