Provided are a method and apparatus for sending and receiving a multiframe, a communication device, and a communication network system. The method includes: determining a multiframe identifier used for identifying a multiframe number according to a number of timeslots of a physical layer, where the multiframe number is the number of frames constituting one multiframe; and sending the multiframe to a receiving end, where the multiframe carries the multiframe identifier. Further provided is a computer storage medium.

Techniques that provide link auto-negotiation between a radio equipment controller (REC) and a radio equipment (RE) are described herein. In one embodiment, a method includes performing, by a proxy master, a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) Layer 1 (L1) link auto-negotiation with a RE to achieve a L1 synchronization between the proxy master and the RE at a link bit rate; communicating the link bit rate from the proxy master to a proxy slave; performing, by the proxy slave, a CPRI L1 link auto-negotiation with a REC to determine whether a L1 synchronization between the proxy slave and the REC is achieved, wherein if the L1 synchronization is achieved, the link bit rate is a common matching link bit rate achieved; and upon the common matching link bit rate being achieved, establishing a CPRI link between the REC and the RE using the common matching link bit rate.

Methods and apparatus for emulating optical modules. A method includes receiving, from an optical module emulator, a first serial data stream having the plurality of upstream signals multiplexed into a plurality of bits; wherein the first data stream includes a plurality of frames, each frame having a multi-frame alignment bit; and de-multiplexing the plurality of upstream signals based on each multi-frame alignment bit within each respective frame. A method includes receiving, from an emulator controller, a second serial data stream having a plurality of downstream signals multiplexed into a plurality of bits; wherein the second serial data stream includes a plurality of frames, each frame having a multi-frame alignment bit; and de-multiplexing the plurality of downstream signals based on each multi-frame alignment bit within each respective frame.

An ONU is provided. The ONU comprises a receiver configured to receive a first PON frame from an OLT, the first PON frame comprising a first PSBd field, the first PSBd field comprising a first PSync field, the first PSync field comprising first bits, and a first quantity of the first bits being greater than 64 bits; and a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to perform synchronization of the first PON frame by matching the first bits to a pre-stored sequence.

A radio apparatus correlates signal data with stored synchronization data to determine correlation data. The signal data represents a received radio-frequency signal that encodes a data frame, which has a synchronization preamble with a plurality of instances of a predetermined synchronization sequence. The stored synchronization data represents the predetermined synchronization sequence. The radio apparatus identifies a set of peaks in the correlation data, and uses a timing criterion to identify a plurality of subsets of the set of peaks, such that time values of the peaks of each identified subset satisfy the timing criterion. The radio apparatus calculates a correlation score C.sub.j for each of the identified subsets from correlation values of the subset's peaks, and uses the correlation scores C.sub.j to select a subset from the plurality of subsets. Timing or frequency synchronization information for the radio apparatus is determined from the peaks of the selected subset.

Techniques that provide link establishment between a radio equipment controller (REC) and a radio equipment (RE) in a fronthaul network are described herein. In one embodiment, a method includes performing, Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) Layer 1 (L1) link auto-negotiation operations to establish a CPRI link between the REC and RE. A proxy slave may achieve a hyper frame number (HFN) synchronization with the REC at a link bit rate for a first CPRI bit stream and communicate the first CPRI bit stream and the link bit rate to a proxy master. The proxy master may communicate a second CPRI bit stream to the proxy slave to transmit to the REC. The L1 link auto-negotiation operations are completed and CPRI link is established between the REC and the RE when the REC achieves a HFN synchronization for the second CPRI bit stream.

Provided are a method for determining and sending a multiframe, and a communication device. The method includes: for physical layers of different interface bandwidth speeds, determining a multiframe number of the multiframe to be n-th power of 2, where n is a minimum positive integer that causes the multiframe number greater than or equal to a number of timeslots of a physical layer, identifier values of the multiframe identifier for identifying the multiframe number are sequentially carried in preset positions of overhead blocks of respective frames constituting the multiframe, and the number of the identifier values of the multiframe identifier is the same as the multiframe number. The identifier values of the multiframe identifier are a preset number of consecutive “0”s and the preset number of consecutive “1”s in sequence.

A frame synchronization system (1) according to this invention includes a frame signal generation circuit (20) configured to generate a frame signal including a plurality of first frame signals each including a first frame synchronization signal and a first payload signal, wherein the first frame synchronization signal is formed from at least one symbol and is set with an average amplitude lower than an average amplitude of the first payload signal, and a frame synchronization circuit (60) configured to receive the frame signal via an optical transmission path (70), and detect the first frame synchronization signal from a received signal, wherein the received signal is divided into frames having a symbol length of the first frame signal, coordinate values, on an IQ plane, of the signals at identical symbol positions of the plurality of divided frames are added over the plurality of frames, and a symbol specified by magnitude comparison in the frame based on an addition result is determined as the first frame synchronization signal. Even if a transmission rate is high, it is possible to decrease the probability of erroneous synchronization, thereby shortening the time until frame synchronization is established.

A processing module for a receiver device. The processor module comprises a channel estimate generation component arranged to output channel estimate information for a received signal, and a timestamping module arranged to determine a ToA measurement for a marker within a packet of the received signal based at least partly on the channel estimate information for the received signal generated by the channel estimate generation component. The channel estimate generation component comprises a validation component arranged to derive a validation pattern for the packet within the received signal for which a ToA measurement is to be determined, identify a section of the packet containing a validation sequence, and perform cross-correlation between at least a part of the validation sequence within the packet and at least a part of the generated validation pattern to generate channel estimate validation information.

A method and system eliminate echoes in the reproduction of radio signals transmitted via a radio channel. A radio signal transmitted by a transmitter is received by at least a first base station as a first audio signal and by at least a second base station as a second audio signal. The received audio signals are transmitted via an IP network to a control station for reproduction. The first and second audio signals arrive in the control station at different times or with a time shift and undergo a similarity analysis before their reproduction in the control station in order to reproduce the radio signal contained in both audio signals without echo if a similarity is established between the first audio signal and the second audio signal.