A sensor may determine a sampling pattern based on a group of synchronization signals received by the sensor. The sampling pattern may identify an expected time for receiving an upcoming synchronization signal. The sensor may trigger, based on the sampling pattern, a performance of a sensor operation associated with the upcoming synchronization signal. The performance of the sensor operation may be triggered before the upcoming synchronization signal is received.

In order to provide a transmission device and transmission method with which a response signal for random access preamble transmitted from a preamble transmission device is efficiently transmitted, setting unit in base station sets a first resource candidate group, which enables terminal capable of receiving a latch response transmitted by demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission to be selected, and a second resource candidate group, which enables terminal incapable of receiving a latch response transmitted by DMRS transmission but capable of receiving a latch response transmitted by cell-specific reference signal (CRS) transmission to be selected. Control unit selects DMRS transmission as the latch response transmission method when a resource in which latch preamble has been received is included in the first candidate group, but selects CRS transmission as the latch response transmission method when the resource is included in the second resource candidate group.

A time synchronization system includes a master station (100) and slave stations (200) communicably connected to the master station (100). The master station (100) includes a contention determiner (114) and a time synchronization frame processing unit (113). The contention determiner (114) determines, based on receipt timings of a plurality of first time synchronization frames transmitted from the respective slave stations (200), whether the plurality of first time synchronization frames have a possibility of contention over relay processing. The time synchronization frame processing unit (113) discards, when the contention determiner (114) determines that the plurality of first time synchronization frames have the possibility of the contention, out of first time synchronization frames that have a possibility of mutual contention, a first time synchronization frame received later.

A method by which a first apparatus performs wireless communication is proposed. The method may comprise the steps of: selecting a first synchronization source, on the basis of a sidelink synchronization priority; obtaining a first synchronization, on the basis of the first synchronization source; receiving a plurality of synchronization signals from a plurality of synchronization sources; obtaining a plurality of synchronizations, on the basis of the plurality of synchronization signals; selecting a second synchronization source from among the plurality of synchronization sources, on the basis of a gap between a time related to the first synchronization and a time related to a second synchronization being greater than or equal to a threshold value, wherein the second synchronization is obtained on the basis of the second synchronization source; and transmitting, to a second apparatus, a sidelink-synchronization signal block (S-SSB), on the basis of the first synchronization or the second synchronization. For example, the first synchronization source and the second synchronization source may comprise at least one of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a base station, or user equipment. For example, the S-SSB may comprise a sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS), and a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH).

A method for synchronizing a network device includes: receiving, by the network device, a first SSM and a second SSM, where the first SSM carries a first SSM code for indicating a quality level of a first clock source and a first eSSM code for indicating the quality level of the first clock source, and the second SSM carries a second SSM code for indicating a quality level of a second clock source and a second eSSM code for indicating the quality level of the second clock source. When a value of the first SSM code is less than a value of the second SSM code, the network device calibrates a frequency of the network device based on a timing signal of the first clock source.

In order to provide a transmission device and transmission method with which a response signal for random access preamble transmitted from a preamble transmission device is efficiently transmitted, setting unit in base station sets a first resource candidate group, which enables terminal capable of receiving a latch response transmitted by demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission to be selected, and a second resource candidate group, which enables terminal incapable of receiving a latch response transmitted by DMRS transmission but capable of receiving a latch response transmitted by cell-specific reference signal (CRS) transmission to be selected. Control unit selects DMRS transmission as the latch response transmission method when a resource in which latch preamble has been received is included in the first candidate group, but selects CRS transmission as the latch response transmission method when the resource is included in the second resource candidate group.

A transmission method includes generating one or more frames for content transfer using IP packets, and transmitting the one or more generated frames by broadcast. Each of the one or more frames contains a plurality of second transfer units, each of the plurality of second transfer units contains one or more first transfer units, each of the one or more first transfer units contains at least one of the IP packets, an object IP packet of the IP packets contains first reference clock information indicating time for reproduction of the content in data structure different from MMT packet data structure, the object IP packet being stored in a first transfer unit positioned at a head in the one or more frames, the one or more frames contains control information storing second reference clock information indicating time for reproduction of the content, and header compression processing on the object IP packet is omitted.

Techniques that provide link auto-negotiation between a radio equipment controller (REC) and a radio equipment (RE) are described herein. In one embodiment, a method includes performing, by a proxy master, a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) Layer 1 (L1) link auto-negotiation with a RE to achieve a L1 synchronization between the proxy master and the RE at a link bit rate; communicating the link bit rate from the proxy master to a proxy slave; performing, by the proxy slave, a CPRI L1 link auto-negotiation with a REC to determine whether a L1 synchronization between the proxy slave and the REC is achieved, wherein if the L1 synchronization is achieved, the link bit rate is a common matching link bit rate achieved; and upon the common matching link bit rate being achieved, establishing a CPRI link between the REC and the RE using the common matching link bit rate.

Provided are a clock synchronization method performed between communication nodes included in a communication network, the clock synchronization method comprises receiving a synchronization source signal through any one of remaining communication nodes except for an uppermost communication node included in the communication network, generating a reference clock for clock synchronization from the received synchronization source signal and transmitting the generated reference clock through a first path including at least a portion reverse to a second path through which a downlink signal is transmitted in the communication network.

An example method includes creating, by a computing system and in response to user input, one or more virtual master devices and a plurality of virtual leaf devices in a virtual network system; selecting, by the computing system, data from one or more of real-time clock offset data, prerecorded clock offset data, or synthetically generated clock offset data; executing, by the computing system, a time synchronization simulation by applying a predefined clock offset generation algorithm to the selected data; and outputting, by the computing system, data indicative of results of the time synchronization simulation.