According to various embodiments, a receiving station (STA) may receive a physical protocol data unit (PPDU). The PPDU may include a legacy signal field, a repeated legacy signal field, a first signal field, and a second signal field. The receiving STA may determine a type of the PPDU and a format of the PPDU, based on the legacy signal field, the repeated legacy signal field, the first signal field, and the second signal field.

A coding and modulation apparatus and method are presented. The apparatus comprises an encoder that encodes input data into cell words, and a modulator that modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation. The modulator is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the code rate, a non-uniform constellation from one or several groupsof constellations each comprising one or more constellations.

The present disclosure discloses an adaptive MIMO detection method and system. The method includes the following steps: a) determining whether a Signal to Noise Ratio of a data packet is greater than a set threshold for Signal to Noise Ratio, and if yes, performing ZF preprocessing on the channel matrix, and if not, performing MMSE preprocessing on the channel matrix; b) performing sorted QR decomposition on the channel matrix processed in step a) to obtain a plurality of decomposition matrices; c) determining whether a condition number of the channel matrix of the data packet is greater than a set threshold for condition number of the channel, and if yes, Lattice Reduction is performed on the decomposition matrices obtained in step b); d) determining whether an estimated value of an interference term of the channel matrix is greater than a threshold for the estimated value of the interference term of the channel matrix, and if yes, SIC detection mode is selected for MIMO detection on the data packets, and if not, K-best detection mode is selected for MIMO detection on the data packets; and e) according to processing results from steps a) to d), performing MIMO detection on the data packet.

A coding and modulation apparatus and method are presented. The apparatus (10) comprises an encoder (11) that encodes input data into cell words, and a modulator (12) that modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation. The modulator (12) is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation, the signal-to-noise ratio SNR in dB and the channel characteristics, a non-uniform constellation from a group of constellations comprising one or more of predetermined constellations defined by the constellation position vector u1 . . . v, wherein v=sqrt(M)/2−1.

A TSN-based distributed antenna system including a headend unit, one or more TSN switches, and one or more remote units and a fronthaul transport network constituted by the headend unit, the TSN switch, and the remote unit is provided. The packet-based fronthaul network constituted by the headend unit, the TSN switch, and the remote unit transmits traffic in a time-deterministic manner while minimizing packet loss through Ethernet to which TSN standards are applied.

A novel concept for Near Field Communication (NFC) is described herein. In accordance with the embodiments described herein, orthogonal carrier signals are transmitted between NFC transmitter and NFC receiver circuit. In one arrangement, a carrier signal is unmodulated to ensure uninterrupted energy transfer to the receiver circuit. The orthogonal carriers are used to implement full-duplex Near Field Communication.

All data symbols used in data transmission of a modulated signal are precoded by hopping between precoding matrices so that the precoding matrix used to precode each data symbol and the precoding matrices used to precode data symbols that are adjacent to the data symbol in the frequency domain and the time domain all differ. A modulated signal with such data symbols arranged therein is transmitted.

A coding and modulation apparatus and method are presented. The apparatus (10) comprises an encoder (11) that encodes input data into cell words, and a modulator (12) that modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation. The modulator (12) is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation, the signal-to-noise ratio SNR in dB and the channel characteristics, a non-uniform constellation from a group of constellations comprising one or more of predetermined constellations defined by the constellation position vector u1 . . . v, wherein v=sqrt(M)/2−1.

Transmission quality is improved in an environment in which direct waves dominate in a transmission method for transmitting a plurality of modulated signals from a plurality of antennas at the same time. All data symbols used in data transmission of a modulated signal are precoded by hopping between precoding matrices so that the precoding matrix used to precode each data symbol and the precoding matrices used to precode data symbols that are adjacent to the data symbol in the frequency domain and the time domain all differ. A modulated signal with such data symbols arranged therein is transmitted.

A method for generating a non-uniform constellation is provided. The method comprises the step of performing a first process, the first process comprising the steps of: obtaining a first constellation defined by one or more parameter values; and generating a second constellation based on the first constellation using a second process. The second process comprises the steps of: obtaining a set of candidate constellations, wherein the set of candidate constellations comprises the first constellation and one or more modified constellations, wherein each modified constellation is obtained by modifying the parameter values defining the first constellation; determining the performance of each candidate constellation according to a predetermined performance measure; selecting the candidate constellation having the best performance as the second constellation.