The guard-space reference disclosed herein is a signal transmitted in the guard spaces separating message data intervals, and configured to reveal amplitude noise or phase noise or both, using 5G or 6G technology. For example, the transmitter can transmit an I-branch with a predetermined amplitude level, and an orthogonal Q branch with zero amplitude, in the guard space. The receiver can measure the received amplitude and phase of the guard-space reference, subtract the initial amplitude and phase, and thereby measure both phase noise and amplitude noise. The receiver can then subtract the measured amplitude and phase effects from the message data, thereby negating both phase noise and amplitude noise. Guard-space references disclosed herein can preserve the inter-subcarrier orthogonality, inter-symbol separation, and signal circularity advantages of prior art, while additionally providing both amplitude noise and phase noise mitigation. Examples are suitable for wireless standards.

A coding and modulation apparatus and method are presented. The apparatus comprises an encoder that encodes input data into cell words, and a modulator that modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation. The modulator is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the code rate, a non-uniform constellation from one or several groupsof constellations each comprising one or more constellations.

A passive vector modulator (PVM) includes a divider that splits an input signal into a first divided signal and a second divided signal 90° apart in phase. The PVM includes a switched transformer phase shifter including primary windings to form first primary windings and second primary windings receiving the first divided signal and the second divided signal respectively. First secondary windings are coupled to the first primary windings, the first secondary windings being center-tapped and outputting first and second phase shifted output signals, phase shifted 180° and 0° respectively. Second secondary windings are coupled to the second primary windings, the second secondary windings being center-tapped and outputting third and fourth phase shifted signals, phase shifted 270° and 90° respectively. The PVM includes a switch configured to receive the phase shifted output signals. The switch selectively outputs one of the phase shifted output signals, or a combination, from the PVM.

The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. A method and apparatus according to an embodiment may allow a terminal or a base station to configure parameters for supporting limited buffer rate matching (LBRM) by using higher layer signaling or enable a suitable configuration to be made in a case of not configuring parameters for supporting the LBRM using the higher layer signaling.

An example method may include obtaining multiple symbols each associated with a different state in a quadrature amplitude modulation scheme used for transmission of a data signal. The method may further include determining a sequence of symbols of the multiple symbols for a first portion of the data signal. The determining may include selecting an index value from multiple index values for the first portion of the data signal. The determining may also include obtaining energy states of multiple sequences of the symbols using the energy levels of the symbols. The determining may further include obtaining a relationship between the energy levels of the symbols, the energy states of the multiple sequences of the symbols, and the multiple index values. The determining may further include selecting the sequence of symbols based on the relationship and the index value for the first portion of the data signal.

Provided is a signal modulation apparatus configured to modulate an input signal into a multidimensional QAM signal using multidimensional QAM, in which Multidimensional QAM is QAM in which two-dimensional QAM is configured in a multidimensional manner using a plurality of consecutive time slots, a constellation for multidimensional QAM is part of a combination of a constellation of first two-dimensional QAM, and a constellation of second two-dimensional QAM.

A method implemented by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) includes receiving a DeModulation Interference Measurement (DM-IM) resource, determining an interference measurement based on the DM-IM resource, and demodulating a received signal based on the interference measurement. An interference is suppressed based on the interference measurement. At least one DM-IM resource is located in a Physical Resource Block (PRB). The DM-IM resource is located in a PRB allocated for the WTRU. The DM-IM resource is a plurality of DM-IM resources which form a DM-IM pattern, and the DM-IM pattern is located on a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and/or an enhanced Physical Downlink Shared Channel (E-PDSCH) of at least one Long Term Evolution (LTE) subframe. The DM-IM resources are different for different Physical Resource Blocks (PRB) in the LTE subframe. The DM-IM is located in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Resource Block (RB), and the DM-IM pattern is adjusted.

Apparatuses and methods for frequency selective uplink precoding are provided. The method includes receiving configuration information about resource allocation for an uplink transmission, the configuration information indicating: allocated resources for uplink transmission, and uplink precoding information for G antenna port groups for the uplink transmission on the allocated resources, wherein the uplink precoding information indicates: SD basis vectors, FD basis vectors, coefficients for (SD, FD) basis vector pairs, and two components for the coefficients across the G antenna port groups; based on the uplink precoding information, applying uplink precoding for the G antenna port groups; and performing uplink transmission on the allocated resources according to the configuration information.

This application discloses a data reporting method, a data receiving method, and a related apparatus. In this application, a terminal device reports, to a network device, one group of information used to indicate scheduling bandwidth thresholds and/or scheduling MCS thresholds. Compared with directly reporting thresholds, in this application, fewer bits can be occupied, thereby reducing overheads.

A communication device includes an acquisition unit that acquires a bit sequence, and a conversion unit that converts the bit sequence to a predetermined complex constellation point sequence including a plurality of complex constellation points including a non-zero complex constellation point and a zero complex constellation point. At least one of the predetermined complex constellation point sequences is a first complex constellation point sequence in which each of a plurality of complex constellation points constituting the complex constellation point sequence is converted to any complex constellation point or zero complex constellation point of a first signal constellation including non-power of two number of complex constellation points. The conversion unit converts one of the bit sequences to at least the first complex constellation point sequence.