An image forming apparatus includes a plurality of light-emitting element array chips including a light-emitting element array and a transfer element array, and a control driver applying a signal to the plurality of light-emitting element array chips. The control driver includes a check terminal that measures signals output from the plurality of light-emitting element array chips, and the control driver determines whether any of the plurality of light-emitting element array chips are defective by analyzing the signals measured at the check terminal.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, an image forming device to form a toner image on the image bearer with toner, a power source to output a bias to transfer the toner image onto a recording medium, and control circuitry. The circuitry controls the power source to decrease a peak-to-peak voltage of the bias in response to increase in at least one of temperature and humidity, when a time-averaged voltage of the bias is on a transfer side of transferring the toner to the recording medium, from a median value of maximum and minimum voltages of the bias. The circuitry controls the power source to increase the peak-to-peak voltage of the bias in response to increase in at least one of temperature and humidity, when the time-averaged voltage of the bias is on a return side of returning the toner to the image bearer, from the median value.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, an image forming device to form a toner image on the image bearer with toner, a power source to output a bias to transfer the toner image onto a recording medium, and control circuitry. The circuitry controls the power source to decrease a peak-to-peak voltage of the bias in response to increase in at least one of temperature and humidity, when a time-averaged voltage of the bias is on a transfer side of transferring the toner to the recording medium, from a median value of maximum and minimum voltages of the bias. The circuitry controls the power source to increase the peak-to-peak voltage of the bias in response to increase in at least one of temperature and humidity, when the time-averaged voltage of the bias is on a return side of returning the toner to the image bearer, from the median value.

A liquid discharge apparatus includes: a head which discharges a plurality of kinds of liquids; and a controller. The controller is configured to: calculate a total discharge amount of the liquids for a unit area of a recording medium based on discharge data for the unit area; determine whether the total discharge amount exceeds a predefined amount; in a case that the controller has determined that the total discharge amount exceeds the predefined amount, divide the discharge data into a plurality of pieces of divided discharge data, each of the pieces of divided discharge data indicating the total discharge amount of not more than the predefined amount; and perform a plurality of divided discharges for the unit area based on the pieces of divided discharge data.

An image recording apparatus includes a feed tray configured to accommodate a sheet-shaped medium, the sheet-shaped medium including at least one of a first sheet-shaped medium or a second sheet-shaped medium, and a recording device configured to record an image on the sheet-shaped medium fed from the feed tray. The feed tray includes a first accommodation portion configured to accommodate a roll, in which the first sheet-shaped medium is rolled in a roll shape, a second accommodation portion configured to accommodate a plurality of the second sheet-shaped media in a stacked state, and a display portion that displays setting information on setting of the sheet-shaped medium.

An image recording apparatus includes a feed tray configured to accommodate a sheet-shaped medium, the sheet-shaped medium including at least one of a first sheet-shaped medium or a second sheet-shaped medium, and a recording device configured to record an image on the sheet-shaped medium fed from the feed tray. The feed tray includes a first accommodation portion configured to accommodate a roll, in which the first sheet-shaped medium is rolled in a roll shape, a second accommodation portion configured to accommodate a plurality of the second sheet-shaped media in a stacked state, and a display portion that displays setting information on setting of the sheet-shaped medium.

An evaluation table includes: a first pixel value set; a second pixel value set next to and having a larger pixel value sum than the first pixel value set; a third pixel value set having a larger pixel value sum than the second pixel value set; a fourth pixel value set next to and having a larger pixel value sum than the third pixel value set; a fifth pixel value set having a larger pixel value sum than the fourth pixel value set; and a sixth pixel value set next to and having a larger sum than the fifth pixel value set. Each of a difference between pixel value sums of the first and second pixel value sets and a difference between pixel value sums of the fifth and sixth pixel value sets is larger than a difference between pixel value sums of the third and fourth pixel value sets.

An evaluation table includes: a first pixel value set; a second pixel value set next to and having a larger pixel value sum than the first pixel value set; a third pixel value set having a larger pixel value sum than the second pixel value set; a fourth pixel value set next to and having a larger pixel value sum than the third pixel value set; a fifth pixel value set having a larger pixel value sum than the fourth pixel value set; and a sixth pixel value set next to and having a larger sum than the fifth pixel value set. Each of a difference between pixel value sums of the first and second pixel value sets and a difference between pixel value sums of the fifth and sixth pixel value sets is larger than a difference between pixel value sums of the third and fourth pixel value sets.

A binding processing device includes: a binding processing element that advances a binding tooth to a sheet to perform binding processing of the sheet; and a processor that performs control of drying a bound part of the sheet after the binding processing of the sheet by the binding processing element is performed.

A binding processing device includes: a binding processing element that advances a binding tooth to a sheet to perform binding processing of the sheet; and a processor that performs control of drying a bound part of the sheet after the binding processing of the sheet by the binding processing element is performed.