An image processing apparatus includes a processing section and a control section configured to instruct operation of the processing section. The control section executes, before sending, to the processing section, a first instruction corresponding to an instruction that caused an error in the past, an error avoidance operation based on instruction history information and operation state history information acquired from a storing section that stores the instruction history information and the operation state history information, the instruction history information indicating an instruction given to the processing section by the control section, the operation state history information indicating an operation state of the processing section caused by the instruction.

A print management unit attaches an identifier to print data that goes through a custom processing unit functioning by execution of a custom class driver, and delivers the print data with the identifier attached, to a standard print control unit. The custom processing unit deletes the identifier from the print data delivered from the standard print control unit and customizes processing of causing a printer to execute printing, based on the print data. The print management unit detects a read state of the custom class driver by execution of an OS. When the read state indicates a failure in reading the custom class driver, the print management unit delivers the print data without the identifier attached, to the standard print control unit, and thus causes the printer to execute the printing that is limited via a standard communication control unit or to stop the printing.

A sustainable floating and land application community based on a mass-produced modular, pre-fabricated kit of parts referred to as floating modular units (FMU) or land module units (LMU). Both modular units are designed to allow for various needs while remaining simple to deliver and assemble by hand in remote destinations prone to volatile shifts in water levels and currents. Both floating and land module units can be erected for use on land and bodies of water.

A control device includes a first control substrate and a second control substrate each of which includes a processor, a first communication interface, and a second communication interface, the first control substrate and the second control substrate being connected to each other via the first communication interfaces, in which the processor of the first control substrate or the processor of the second control substrate is configured to perform data communication via the second communication interfaces in a case where connection via the second communication interfaces is detected after an error of the data communication performed by the first communication interfaces is detected.

A printing system that performs printing includes a printing apparatus in which at least a part thereof is configured by a unit part which is a replaceable function component. The printing apparatus is controlled using a command group including a printer control command which is a command for controlling the printing apparatus and a unit inspection command which is a command used for an inspection of the unit part. At least a part of the printing apparatus is configured by a plurality of unit parts having different functions. The plurality of unit parts are configured to be inspected using the unit inspection command.

An apparatus includes circuitry to receive an input of problem information that is information on a problem, transmit the problem information to an information processing apparatus communicably connected to the apparatus via a network, and receive, from the information processing apparatus, troubleshooting information corresponding to the problem information. The troubleshooting information is information for solving the problem. The circuitry outputs the troubleshooting information, and transmits, to an extraneous resource, a repair request including the problem information and information indicating whether the troubleshooting information has been output.

A print management unit attaches an identifier to print data that goes through a custom processing unit functioning by execution of a custom class driver, and delivers the print data with the identifier attached, to a standard print control unit. The custom processing unit deletes the identifier from the print data delivered from the standard print control unit and customizes processing of causing a printer to execute printing, based on the print data. The print management unit detects a read state of the custom class driver by execution of an OS. When the read state indicates a failure in reading the custom class driver, the print management unit delivers the print data without the identifier attached, to the standard print control unit, and thus causes the printer to execute the printing that is limited via a standard communication control unit or to stop the printing.

An apparatus and method for saving power in an office machine having a display panel are provided. The method comprises setting the apparatus in an operation standby mode, detecting whether an error exists in the apparatus and turning on the display panel to display the error thereon when the error is detected. Furthermore, the apparatus keeps the display panel in an off state when the error is not detected. Thus, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a power saving method of an office machine which prevents unnecessary power consumption during an operation of an office machine having a display panel.

A billing system used together with an image forming apparatus for forming an image on a sheet and discharging the sheet includes: a counting unit for counting, when a print job is interrupted, a billing unit number for a sheet which already has an image formed thereon when the interruption occurs and which has not discharged from the image forming apparatus; a determination unit for determining whether the print job is continued or cancelled after the print job is interrupted; and a billing unit for counting a billing counter corresponding to an amount for which the image forming apparatus is used, and billing a user who uses the image forming apparatus according to the billing counter, wherein the billing unit switches whether the billing counter is counted by using a count result of the counting unit in accordance with a determination result of the determination unit.

A maintenance support system includes a network interface, a memory, and a processor configured to, upon receipt of first information indicating a status of a first apparatus via the network interface, store the first information in the memory, upon receipt of second information indicating a status of a second apparatus via the network interface, store the second information in the memory, and determine a priority of on-site maintenance between the first and second apparatuses based on the first and second information stored in the memory.