Examples relate to image processing, and performing fixed length format cell compression on a cell of a planar colour image based on an amount of white colour of the cell, the cell comprising a plurality of pixels, to obtain a compressed cell having four or fewer colour levels; and performing variable length format cell compression on the compressed cell to obtain a coded compressed cell.

An image forming apparatus, which includes a first storage, a second storage, and a bus, includes a first controller configured to store first image data based on input image data, in the first storage, when the input image data is input via the bus; a second controller configured to store second image data based on the first image data, in the second storage; a third controller configured to store third image data based on the second image data, in the first storage; a fourth controller configured to output output image data based on the third image data; and an image former configured to perform image formation based on the output image data.

An image forming apparatus, which includes a first storage, a second storage, and a bus, includes a first controller configured to store first image data based on input image data, in the first storage, when the input image data is input via the bus; a second controller configured to store second image data based on the first image data, in the second storage; a third controller configured to store third image data based on the second image data, in the first storage; a fourth controller configured to output output image data based on the third image data; and an image former configured to perform image formation based on the output image data.

An apparatus includes a reduction unit configured to perform color reduction processing for quantizing a color in the generated image data, a change unit configured to change, in a case where brightness of an edge pixel indicating an edge portion in an image based on the image data with the color quantized is equal to or higher than a threshold value, a pixel value of the edge pixel to a pixel value of a color of a pixel having highest brightness among pixels surrounding the edge pixel, and change, in a case where the brightness of the edge pixel is lower than the threshold value, the pixel value of the edge pixel to a pixel value of a color of a pixel having lowest brightness among the pixels surrounding the edge pixel.

An apparatus includes a reduction unit configured to perform color reduction processing for quantizing a color in the generated image data, a change unit configured to change, in a case where brightness of an edge pixel indicating an edge portion in an image based on the image data with the color quantized is equal to or higher than a threshold value, a pixel value of the edge pixel to a pixel value of a color of a pixel having highest brightness among pixels surrounding the edge pixel, and change, in a case where the brightness of the edge pixel is lower than the threshold value, the pixel value of the edge pixel to a pixel value of a color of a pixel having lowest brightness among the pixels surrounding the edge pixel.

An image compressing device includes: a histogram creating unit configured to create a histogram regarding an input image; an original type recognizing unit configured to recognize an original type of the input image using the histogram; and an image compressing unit configured to perform a compression process for creating a high-compressed image file from the input image and to control a compression mode of the compression process depending on at least the original type recognized by the original type recognizing unit.

A learning model generating device includes a first image reading device and a first control device. The first control device includes a processor and functions, through the processor executing a first control program, as a first segmenter, a learning model generator, and a first compressor. The first segmenter segments each of images of training prints obtained by reading performed by the first image reading device. The learning model generator learns segmented images to generate a first learning model for use in inferring a type of an image defect. The first compressor compresses each of the images of the training prints. The first segmenter segments each of compressed images obtained by compression performed by the first compressor. The learning model generator learns compressed and segmented images to generate a second learning model for use in inferring a type of an image defect.

A vehicle camera module may include: an image sensor; and an image transmission processor that may determine whether to compress or not compress an image captured through the image sensor according to the format of the image or a preset option, and output the compressed or non-compressed image to an external image output device. The image sensor and the image transmission processor may be implemented as an integrated module.

An image processing method includes an image encoding step of encoding data in which one channel in each pixel of image data including a plurality of pixels is configured by 2 bits or more into data in which the one channel is configured by 1 bit, a transfer step of transferring the encoded data to a printing apparatus, and an image decoding step of decoding the encoded data using the printing apparatus, in which, in the image encoding step, flag information indicating whether the pixel is a character or a line image or a photograph is assigned, and in the image decoding step, decoding is performed by selecting a first decoding method or a second decoding method based on the flag information.

An image processing method includes an image encoding step of encoding data in which one channel in each pixel of image data including a plurality of pixels is configured by 2 bits or more into data in which the one channel is configured by 1 bit, a transfer step of transferring the encoded data to a printing apparatus, and an image decoding step of decoding the encoded data using the printing apparatus, in which, in the image encoding step, flag information indicating whether the pixel is a character or a line image or a photograph is assigned, and in the image decoding step, decoding is performed by selecting a first decoding method or a second decoding method based on the flag information.