Processor implemented systems and methods for matching color and appearance of a target coating are provided herein. A system includes a storage device for storing instructions, and one or more data processors. The data processor(s) are configured to execute instructions to receive a target image of a target coating. The data processor(s) are also configured to apply a feature extraction analysis process that divides the target image into a plurality of target pixels for image analysis.

A system and method provide for automated evaluation of reference point pairs. For each of a set of reference point pairs in an input color space, a straight line connecting the reference points is sampled to generate a set of sampled points. Each of the set of sampled points in the input color space is converted to a sampled point in an output color space. For each of a set of color separations in the output color space, discontinuities are identified, based on the set of sampled points in the output color space. Candidate reference point pairs are identified in the set of reference point pairs for which at least one discontinuity is identified. The candidate reference point pairs can be validated by printing test sweeps, which are each derived from a respective set of sampled points in the output color space, and identifying contour artifacts in the printed test sweeps.

Examples described herein relate to automatic identification and transformation of a color region. A user can identify a region of a video frame or image that corresponds to a color region that is to be segmented. A color region can include one or more colors that appear to be approximately a uniform color. For one or more video frames, gamma correction can be applied to frames of the video. One or more frames of a video can be mapped to two color spaces. For each pixel in an image, a determination is made if the pixel has the same color as that of the identified region based on each of the at least two color spaces identifying the pixel as the color. The color region can be identified throughout a video and transformed to another color to aid in video editing.

An image processing method, including: by a processor: acquiring a fundus image; performing a first enhancement processing on an image of at least a central region of the fundus image, and performing a second enhancement processing, which is different from the first enhancement processing, on an image of at least a peripheral region of the fundus image that is at a periphery of the central region; and generating an enhanced image of the fundus image on the basis of a first image obtained as a result of the first enhancement processing having been performed and a second image obtained as a result of the second enhancement processing having been performed.

An information processing apparatus, accessible to a color expert who manages colors of an image to be printed in a plurality of printing devices and a plurality of operators each of whom is capable of operating at least the one printing device out of the plurality of printing device, registers a patch image to be printed by any of the plurality of printing devices and/or a color management setting information piece defining a condition for printing by the printing device in accordance with an instruction provided by the color expert, sets the patch image and/or the color management setting information piece accessible to the one or more operators, and in response to a request from any of the plurality of operators, permits access to the patch image and/or the color management setting information piece set accessible to the operator who has made the request.

An image processing apparatus according to the present invention includes an image forming unit configured to form an image, a measuring unit configured to measure the formed image, a control unit configured to control execution of a single-color calibration to be performed to correct reproduction characteristics of a single-color formed by the image forming unit based on a measuring result of a single-color image formed with a single-color recording agent and execution of a multi-color calibration to be performed to correct reproduction characteristics of a multi-color image formed by the image forming unit based on a measuring result of a multi-color formed with a plurality of recording agents, and a selection unit configured to select whether to cause the control unit to perform the multi-color calibration after completing the single-color calibration or cause the control unit to perform any one of the single-color calibration and the multi-color calibration.

According to examples, an apparatus may include a processor that may access a window of pixels corresponding to print data. The print data may specify printing of a plurality of pixels based on an original document image and image-independent print data. The apparatus may identify a first pixel, from among the window of pixels, corresponding to the image-independent print data, determine a characteristic associated with the window of pixels, determine, based on the characteristic, that the image-independent print data is to specify printing of a second pixel from among the window of pixels. The apparatus may cause the image-independent print data to specify printing of the second pixel based on the determination that the image-independent print data is to specify printing of the second pixel.

For determining a match factor regarding color match of a printed product with target values for colors, measuring fields of a printout are spectrally measured and actual measured values of the printout recorded. The target values are compared with actual measured values by determining for the printed product a color value axis from a unique color value as a start point to a second unique color value as end point and interpolation points between the first and second unique color values; determining target values for start and end points and interpolation points; determining actual measured values for start and end points and interpolation points of the printout from the actual measured values; determining a distance value representing the distance between target value and actual measured value for each start point, end point, and interpolation point; and calculating and outputting the match factor as statistical average of the distance values.

An image processing apparatus includes a processor configured to: store a first color patch used in using metallic toner and a second color patch used in using CMYK toner other than the metallic toner without using the metallic toner; receive a first colorimetric value obtained by measuring color of the first color patch and a second colorimetric value obtained by measuring color of the second color patch; calculate a third colorimetric value on a basis of the first colorimetric value obtained by measuring the color of the first color patch and the second colorimetric value obtained by measuring the color of the second color patch, and generate a profile to be used to convert an input color value into an output color value, the profile being generated on a basis of the third colorimetric value; and calculate the third colorimetric value that ranges from the first colorimetric value to the second colorimetric value in response to a total amount of CMYK toner being lower than or equal to a threshold, the total amount of the CMYK toner resulting from color conversion of the input color value performed by using the profile, and calculate the third colorimetric value that coincides with the first colorimetric value in response to the total amount exceeding the threshold.

An example image forming apparatus includes a communicator to receive print data, an image forming unit, and a processor to control the image forming unit to perform image processing on the received print data and control the image forming unit to print the image-processed print data. When the received print data is not a scan file, the image processing is performed at a first level and when the received print data is a scan file, the image processing is performed at a second level, the second level being higher than the first level.