A system for use with a block heater connected to an engine for pre-start heating of the engine. The system includes a power source, a relay assembly coupled to the power source, a temperature sensor, and a controller. The relay assembly, when closed, electrically connects the power source to the block heater, to thereby energize the block heater to heat the engine. The temperature sensor senses an ambient temperature indicative of a temperature of the engine. The controller is programmed to selectively activate the relay assembly to energize the block heater such that the engine coupled to the block heater is heated from the sensed ambient temperature to a target temperature at approximately a target time.

An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned underneath a centrally-positioned medallion and along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

There is provided an apparatus for heating a pot of food or beverage, the apparatus comprising at least one receptacle (20), each receptacle for temporarily receiving a pot of food or beverage to be heated. Each receptacle comprises a base (22), sidewalls (24), and an opening opposite from the base (22) for receiving the pot; a heater element (43) mounted to the sidewalls; a temperature sensor (45) mounted to the base; a pot sensor (40, 41) for detecting whether or not a pot is present in the receptacle; and a controller connected to the heater element, temperature sensor, and pot sensor. The controller is configured to control the heater element in response to the pot sensor and temperature sensor.

The invention relates to a heating device (1) for an air-conditioning housing, said heating device (1) comprising a heating body (2) supplied with current for heating an air flow passing through said heating body (2), said heating body (2) comprising heating elements through which said current passes and which are arranged in electrically insulated tubes (4) of the heating elements, said heating elements being controlled via a distribution unit (3), said heating device (1) comprising means for earthing a plurality of metal elements distributed in the heating body (2) and the distribution unit (3). Said heating device (1) is characterised in that said earthing means consist of a single earthing circuit which passes through the heating body (2) and the distribution unit (3) and is formed by arranging said metal elements in series with direct contact between said metal elements.

An apparatus for heating a window of a vehicle comprises an electrical storage unit configured to store an electrical charge and a plurality of heating circuits disposed on a window of the vehicle. The apparatus further comprises a controller configured to monitor the electrical charge of the electrical storage unit and selectively activate one or more of the heating circuits based on the electrical charge.

The disclosure provides a high-frequency-reproducibility laser frequency stabilization method and device based on multi-point acquisition of laser tube temperature. The laser frequency stabilization device includes: a frequency stabilization control circuit. The frequency stabilization control circuit includes a polarizing beam splitter, an optical power conversion circuit, an A/D conversion circuit, a temperature measuring circuit, a microprocessor, a D/A converter and a heating film driver. The polarizing beam splitter is disposed outside any one of laser transmitting holes. The optical power conversion circuit is disposed on reflection and refraction optical paths of the polarizing beam splitter. The optical power conversion circuit, the A/D conversion circuit, the microprocessor, the D/A converter, the heating film driver and a plurality of groups of heating films are sequentially in one-way connection. Temperature sensors, the temperature measuring circuit and the microprocessor are sequentially in one-way connection.

The present invention relates to an electrical fluid-heating device, in particular intended for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one electrical heating element (4) intended to heat the fluid, a temperature sensor (83) intended to give information about the temperature of the fluid, a switch (87), called inrush current switch, intended to create an inrush current in a power supply circuit (88) of said one or more electrical heating elements, an opening means (89) for opening said circuit in the event of said inrush current occurring, the temperature sensor (83) and the inrush current switch (87) being positioned independently of one another, the heating device being configured so as to transmit a signal from the temperature sensor (83) to the inrush current switch (87).

A control device for controlling operation of a vaping apparatus. The control device comprises control circuitry to control activation of the vaping source, measurement circuitry to obtain a temperature-dependent parameter of the vaping source, and memory circuitry for data storage. The control device is configured to determine the ambient temperature, to obtain the parameter at the ambient temperature as an initial parameter, to set and store a target parameter for stopping activation of the vaping source, and to stop activation of the vaping source when the target parameter has been reached.

AC current heating of a battery is performed using a half-bridge based quasi-resonant circuit.

A system includes a computer having a processor and a memory storing instructions executable by the processor to determine a first temperature of a fluid stored by a fluid storage device and then actuate a fluid heating device to add heat energy to the fluid. The instructions include instructions to determine an amount of the heat energy added to the fluid. The instructions include instructions to determine a second temperature of the fluid stored by the fluid storage device after adding the heat energy to the fluid. The instructions include instructions to determine a quantity of the fluid stored by the fluid storage device based on the amount of the heat energy added to the fluid by the fluid heating device and a difference between the first temperature and the second temperature.