The invention relates to a heating device (3) for a storage container with a urea reducing agent, comprising at least one electrically operatable heating element (6) and a heat distribution element (7) which is thermally coupled to the heating element (6), wherein the heating element (6) has a first heating sub-element (40) which has at least one positive temperature coefficient thermistor (5), and the first heating sub-element (40) is connected to a second heating sub-element (42, 52, 62) which is designed to reduce the dependence of the heat output of the heating device (3) on an electric voltage applied to the heating element (6) in the event of an electric voltage with large values, in particular above 13 volt, so that the heat output dispensed to the thermal conducting element and the surrounding components with plastic encapsulation is not too high.

An electric resistance heating coil assembly includes a spiral wound sheathed heating element having a first coil section and a second coil section. A bimetallic thermostat is connected in series between the first and second coil sections of the spiral wound sheathed heating element. The bimetallic thermostat is spring loaded such that a distal end of the bimetallic thermostat is urged away from a top surface of the spiral wound sheathed heating element. The electric resistance heating coil assembly also includes a shroud cover and a heat transfer disk.

A heating device for a hob has a flat carrier having a heating conductor side with heating conductors thereon and a switching device, the switching device having a movable switching contact and a mating contact associated therewith. The switching device has a switching arm movable in itself, said switching arm carries the switching contact and is electrically connected to an electric arm connecting means. The switching arm is fastened on the carrier and is formed from a bimetal strip. The mating contact is electrically connected to an electric mating connection means and fastened on the carrier. Switching arm, switching contact and mating contact are designed and arranged such that when a pre-defined switching temperature is exceeded, the switching contact and the mating contact are brought together, triggering a switching operation as a hot indicator for the hob, by the movement of the switching arm due to increasing heat.

A cooktop appliance and heating element, as provided herein may define a heating zone having a thermostat positioned therein. The thermostat may include a base, a bimetallic disk, and a conductive spring. The base may extend axially between a first end and a second end. The bimetallic disk may be disposed within the base. The conductive spring may be disposed within the base in biased engagement with the bimetallic disk to motivate the bimetallic disk towards the first end within the base. The conductive spring may include a first layer and a second layer. The first layer may extend from a contact end proximal to the bimetallic disk to a joinder end connected to the first terminal. The second layer may extend from a biasing end proximal to the bimetallic disk to a secured end fixed within the base.

Described herein are methods for forming resistive heaters and force sensing elements on a flexible substrate, and devices that include these elements to provide a force responsive conductive heater, such as a seat heater in a vehicle. The methods include printing a conductive ink on a flexible substrate that is heated to 30° C. to 90° C. before and/or during the printing process and curing the substrate to produce a conductive pattern thereon. The conductive inks generally include a particle-free metal-complex composition formulated from at least one metal complex and a solvent, and optionally, a conductive filler material.

A cooktop appliance or electric resistance heating coil assembly, as provided herein, may include a shroud cover, a thermostat, and a heat transfer disk. The shroud cover may define an axial hole. The thermostat may be positioned radially inward from the shroud cover. A continuous circumferential thermal break may be defined as a radial gap within the axial hole between the thermostat and the shroud cover. The heat transfer disk may be attached to the thermostat at the distal end of the thermostat and extend radially outward above the shroud cover.

A method of operating a water heater is disclosed. The method includes obtaining a first input corresponding to ambient temperature and a second input corresponding to evaporator temperature. The method includes determining the ambient temperature from the first input and the evaporator temperature from the second input, followed by determining whether the ambient temperature is less than a first threshold temperature. The method includes determining whether the evaporator temperature is less than a second threshold temperature when the ambient temperature is less than the first threshold temperature, where the second threshold temperature is less than the first threshold temperature. The method also includes actuating a heating element coupled to one or more tubes of the evaporator to heat refrigerant present in the one or more tubes, when the evaporator temperature is less than the second threshold temperature.

A heat mat with thermostatic control having a reference voltage generating source that provide high voltage DC for a power controller and low voltage for a temperature sensor and hysteresis circuit. The sensor and hysteresis circuit establish a temperature threshold signal that is delivered to the resistance heating element. The resistance heating element is sandwiched between two layers of material with adhesive. Two layers of PVC protects the sandwich. In manufacturing the heat mat, the resistance heating element is placed with adhesive between two layers of material then cured and degassed under vacuum. The thermostatic control is sealed within an overmold housing or flat pack.

Described herein are molecular inks, methods for printing the molecular inks on flexible substrates, and methods for forming printed electronic elements, such as resistive heaters, force sensors, motion sensors, and devices that include these elements, such as force responsive conductive heaters. The methods include printing a molecular ink on a flexible substrate that is heated to 30° C. to 90° C. before and/or during the printing process and curing the substrate to produce a conductive pattern thereon. The molecular inks generally include a particle-fee metal-complex composition formulated from at least one metal complex and a solvent, and optionally, a conductive filler material, and/or surfactant.

A field device (1) includes an electronic circuit (200) connected to at least one of a sensor (600) and an actuator, a bimetal temperature switch (400) connected to a power source (100) in series with the electronic circuit (200) and configured to turn on when rising to a first temperature, a heating element (500) connectable to the power source (100) in parallel with the electronic circuit (200) and the temperature switch (400), and a housing (300) configured to house the electronic circuit (200), the temperature switch (400), and the heating element (500).