A method and device are described to transfer a viscous functional material onto a receiving substrate. A plate is provided having a cavity surface that includes a cavity. A plurality of individually addressable resistive heater elements are provided that are in thermal contact with respective zones of the cavity. Viscous functional material is provided in the cavity with a material composition that, when sufficiently heated, generates a gas at an interface between the cavity surface in the cavity and the functional material, to transfer the functional material from the cavity by the gas generation onto the receiving substrate. Respective portions of the viscous functional material in respective zones of the cavity are heated by supplying respective ones of the plurality of individually addressable heater elements with an electric power having a respective time dependent magnitude.

A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within a fluid flow system and a control device that is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model, at least one fluid flow system input, and at least one heater input. The at least one heater input includes at least one physical characteristic of the heating system, the at least one physical characteristic includes at least one of a resistance wire diameter, a heater insulation thickness, a heater sheath thickness, a conductivity, a specific heat and density of the material of the heater, an emissivity of the heater and the fluid flow pathway, and combinations thereof. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

The present invention relates to a method and device for measuring the temperature in power resistors based on the measurement of the high-frequency circuit parameters of said resistor. The present invention excludes the use of thermocouples, dedicated temperature sensors or thermo chambers.

A honeycomb structure made of ceramics, wherein the honeycomb structure includes: a borosilicate; and silicon particles doped with at least one dopant, the dopant is a Group 13 element or a Group 15 element, the silicon particles have a dopant amount (A) of 1×10.sup.16 to 5×10.sup.20/cm.sup.3, and the honeycomb structure has a silicon particle content (B) of 30 to 80% by mass.

The invention relates to a method for operating a heating element (210), in particular in a food processor (1) for the at least partially automatic preparation of foodstuffs, wherein the following steps are performed: a) detecting an electrical resistance of the heating element (210) such that at least one resistance value is determined, b) performing a heating operation on the heating element (210) based on the at least one determined resistance value to perform the heating operation depending on a temperature of the heating element (210).

A safe heating circuit, including: a PTC electric heating element, generating heat when being electrified; a first switching element, coupled into a ground loop of the PTC electric heating element and configured to switch on or off a power loop of the PTC electric heating element based on an on-off control signal; a first voltage acquisition circuit, configured to sample a first temperature voltage based on a ground current of the PTC electric heating element; an NTC element, disposed between the PTC electric heating element and a sensing element; the sensing element, configured to receive a leakage current from the PTC electric heating element transmitted by the NTC element; a second voltage acquisition circuit, configured to sample a second temperature voltage based on the leakage current; and a controller, configured to compare the first temperature voltage or the second temperature voltage to a set temperature voltage and output the on-off control signal based on a comparison result.The safe heating circuit of the present invention can precisely control the heating temperature, and timely detect a fault and switch off a power supply to ensure the safety of a user.

The present disclosure provides an aerosol delivery device and a cartridge for an aerosol delivery device. In various implementations, the aerosol delivery device comprises a control device that includes an outer housing defining a cartridge receiving chamber, and further includes a power source and a control component, and a cartridge that includes a mouthpiece, a tank, a heating assembly, and a bottom cap. The mouthpiece defines an exit portal in an end thereof, and the tank is configured to contain a liquid composition therein. The cartridge is configured to be removably coupled with the receiving chamber of the control device, and the heating assembly defines a vaporization chamber and is configured to heat the liquid composition to generate an aerosol. An inlet airflow is defined by a gap between the cartridge and the control device that originates at an interface between an outer peripheral surface the mouthpiece and control device.

The present disclosure provides an aerosol delivery device and a cartridge for an aerosol delivery device. In various implementations, the aerosol delivery device comprises a control device that includes an outer housing defining a cartridge receiving chamber, and further includes a power source and a control component, and a cartridge that includes a mouthpiece, a tank, a heating assembly, and a bottom cap. The mouthpiece defines an exit portal in an end thereof, and the tank is configured to contain a liquid composition therein. The cartridge is configured to be removably coupled with the receiving chamber of the control device, and the heating assembly defines a vaporization chamber and is configured to heat the liquid composition to generate an aerosol. The heating assembly comprises a substantially planar heating member and a liquid transport element, wherein the heating member is installed in a bowed orientation.

The present disclosure relates to food preparation apparatus with an electrical heating device comprising at least two electrical PTC thermistors for heating a food in a food preparation room, wherein the electrical PTC thermistors are electrically connected in parallel. The parallel-connected PTC thermistors are electrically connected to one another by one or more electrical bridges.

The invention relates to a method for operating a heating element (210), in particular in a food processor (1) for the at least partially automatic preparation of foodstuffs, wherein the following steps are performed: a) detecting an electrical resistance of the heating element (210) such that at least one resistance value is determined, b) performing a heating operation on the heating element (210) based on the at least one determined resistance value to perform the heating operation depending on a temperature of the heating element (210).