An infrared light radiation device includes a radiation unit and a condenser. The radiation unit includes a heater and a metamaterial structure. The metamaterial structure is able to radiate, when heat energy is input from the heater, infrared light having a peak wavelength of a non-Planck distribution. The condenser includes at least one condensing lens that concentrates and transmits toward outside the infrared light radiated from the radiation unit.

A heater and a cigarette device containing the heater are provided. The heater includes a base. A cavity chamber is formed inside the base and is used to receive solid smoking substances. The base has an opened end and a closed end disposed opposite to each other. The solid smoking substances are received in the cavity chamber or removed from the cavity chamber through the opened end. An infrared heating assembly is used to receive electric powers of an electric power source in order to generate heat, and transmits the generated heat in at least a way of infrared radiation toward the solid smoking substances received in the cavity chamber from the closed end of the base in order to generate aerosols for inhaling. The generated aerosols are brought away by airflows passing the opened end of the base.

A heater assembly that that is effective at maintaining heating lamps at acceptable temperatures is disclosed. The heater assembly utilizes radiative heat transfer to transfer unwanted heat buildup in the heating lamps to a cooling base. One or more high emissivity films are disposed between the heating lamps and the cooling base to facilitate heat transfer. Further, a reflective coating is applied to a portion of the heating lamps to reflect heat away from the cooling base. The heater assembly may be utilized in a high vacuum environment as it does not rely on convective cooling.

The present invention provides single units that contain a large lower chamber, and one or more display shelves above this chamber on the inside of the unit. A roller grill or other large appliance may be provided in the lower chamber, or the chamber may be left open to display large food products or other items. The shelves may be heated for keeping foods displayed on the shelves warm; however, the shelves need not be heated for food products that do not need to be kept warm. Heating elements, lights and sensors may be adjusted using electronic controls to provide optimum temperatures inside the various chambers of the display units. Display units of the present invention allow store owners to utilize the space above a roller grill or other appliance to merchandise additional food products as opposed to requiring a separate food merchandiser to occupy additional valuable counter space. The performance of the roller grills of the present invention is improved over stand-alone roller grills, thereby reducing the potential for lost sales due to food not being sufficiently heated.

A system for coating removal comprises a frame having a platform extending within the frame. A plurality of heat lamps are mounted on the platform. The plurality of heat lamps are arranged to provide a heat density of at least 40 watts per square inch. A method of removing a coating is also disclosed.

An embodiment of a qubit tuning device includes a first layer configured to generate a magnetic field, the first layer comprising a material exhibiting superconductivity in a cryogenic temperature range. In an embodiment, the qubit tuning device includes a qubit of a quantum processor chip, wherein the first layer is configured to magnetically interact with the qubit such that a first magnetic flux of the first layer causes a first change in a first resonance frequency of the qubit by a first frequency shift value.

A system for coating removal comprises a frame having a platform extending within the frame. A plurality of heat lamps are mounted on the platform. The plurality of heat lamps are arranged to provide a heat density of at least 40 watts per square inch. A method of removing a coating is also disclosed.

Apparatus and method to prevent water spigot freezing, which utilizes a mounting collar to engage a discharge spout of a spigot, an incandescent lamp holder that locates the lamp within the discharge spout, and an intrinsically safe low voltage power supply, which may utilize a battery or utility power, to thereby couple thermal energy from the incandescent lamp into the spigot.

The present inventive concept relates to a heat source device, a substrate support device, and a substrate processing facility comprising the same. According to the present inventive concept, a substrate can be uniformly heated and stably supported by a chamber having an inner space where the substrate is treated, and a substrate support device installed in the chamber to stably support the substrate and a heat source device installed in the chamber to uniformly heat the substrate.

A heating body and an aerosol-generation device including the heating body are disclosed. The heating body includes: an electric heating element, configured to receive electric power of a power supply to generate heat; a base body, configured for insertion into the aerosol-forming substrate, where an accommodating cavity is formed inside the base body, and the accommodating cavity is configured to accommodate the electric heating element; and an infrared radiator, arranged on the base body in heat conduction with the electric heating element, where the infrared radiator is configured to receive the heat generated by the electric heating element, heat up to generate infrared rays, and heat the aerosol-forming substrate at least in a radiation manner. Infrared radiation has certain penetrability, and has a good heating effect on a cigarette, so that components in the cigarette can be fully released, thereby improving the inhaling experience of users.